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Related Concept Videos

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
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A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

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Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...

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Updated: May 25, 2026

Double Direct Injection of Blood into the Cisterna Magna as a Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
10:34

Double Direct Injection of Blood into the Cisterna Magna as a Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Published on: August 30, 2020

Traumatic posterior fossa subdural hematomas.

Satoru Takeuchi1, Yoshio Takasato, Kojiro Wada

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan. s.takeuchi@room.ocn.ne.jp

The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery
|February 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Traumatic posterior fossa subdural hematomas (SDHs) are rare but associated with poor outcomes. This study highlights their key features, including frequent associated lesions and high mortality rates, emphasizing the need for prompt recognition and management.

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Double Direct Injection of Blood into the Cisterna Magna as a Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
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The Rabbit Blood-shunt Model for the Study of Acute and Late Sequelae of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Technical Aspects
09:00

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Published on: October 2, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Trauma Surgery
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Traumatic posterior fossa subdural hematomas (SDHs) are exceptionally rare, comprising less than 1% of head injuries.
  • Understanding the specific characteristics of these injuries is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical and radiological features of traumatic posterior fossa SDHs.
  • To analyze the management and outcomes of patients with this rare condition.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of clinical and radiological data.
  • Analysis of patient management strategies and outcomes.
  • Literature review to identify common characteristics of posterior fossa SDHs.

Main Results:

  • Ten patients with traumatic posterior fossa SDHs were analyzed, with a mean age of 57.5 years.
  • Common causes included falls and motor vehicle crashes; coagulopathies were noted in half the patients.
  • High rates of associated intracranial lesions (80%) and skull fractures (60%) were observed, with a 90% poor outcome rate and 50% mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Posterior fossa SDHs often present with occipital impacts and fractures.
  • Low Glasgow Coma Scale scores and associated supratentorial or intracerebellar lesions are common.
  • These hematomas have a high potential for evolution and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality.