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Related Concept Videos

Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System01:26

Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System

At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is limited...
Applications of GIS: Disaster Management and Emergency Response01:29

Applications of GIS: Disaster Management and Emergency Response

Geographic Information System (GIS) technology is essential for risk identification, action prioritization, and resource optimization in critical situations like flooding and earthquakes. By integrating spatial and demographic data, GIS provides a comprehensive framework for emergency response.GIS integrates data layers, like rainfall intensity, topography, elevation profiles, and river levels, to model high-risk flood zones. These layers assess areas susceptible to flooding based on their...
Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment01:17

Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment

Flood risk assessment involves careful planning and analysis to ensure the safety of communities near water retention structures. Capacity contours are a vital tool in this process, as they illustrate the potential spread of water at specific levels in a given area. In the context of building a bund across a small valley, these contours play a critical role in evaluating the safety of nearby residential areas.In this example, the bund is intended to store stormwater in the valley. The engineers...
Hazard Rate01:11

Hazard Rate

The hazard rate, also known as the hazard function or failure rate, is a statistical measure used to describe the instantaneous rate at which an event occurs, given that the event has not yet happened. From a probabilistic perspective, it represents the likelihood that a subject will experience the event in a very small time interval, conditional on surviving up to the beginning of that interval. In terms of frequency, the hazard rate can be viewed as the ratio of the number of events to the...
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

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Sustainable Development01:43

Sustainable Development

As the human population continues to grow and use resources, we must be mindful of our planet’s natural limits. Sustainable development provides a pathway to maintain and improve human life now while also ensuring that future generations will have the resources that they need. The long-term success of sustainability efforts rests on understanding the interplay between human actions and ecological systems.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model
23:56

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model

Published on: October 31, 2010

Disaster risk reduction in developing countries: costs, benefits and institutions.

Charles Kenny1

  • 1Center for Global Development, 1800 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20036, United States. ckenny@cgdev.org

Disasters
|February 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Many deaths from building collapses in natural disasters could be prevented. Cost-effective disaster risk reduction interventions are often not implemented due to political economy issues and weak regulations.

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model
23:56

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model

Published on: October 31, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Disaster risk reduction
  • Structural engineering
  • Political economy

Background:

  • Natural disasters, particularly earthquakes, cause approximately 60,000 deaths annually, primarily in developing nations.
  • Building collapse is a major cause of fatalities, despite available engineering solutions to mitigate this risk.
  • Existing engineering solutions are often cost-prohibitive and technically complex for widespread implementation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate why effective disaster risk reduction strategies are not widely implemented.
  • To explore the role of political economy in the ineffectiveness of building regulations and public construction quality.
  • To propose alternative approaches for disaster risk management in developing countries.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the cost-benefit of engineering solutions versus other interventions.
  • Examination of factors influencing the implementation and execution of public disaster risk reduction measures.
  • Review of building regulations and public construction practices in developing countries.

Main Results:

  • Highly cost-effective disaster risk reduction interventions are frequently underutilized or poorly executed.
  • Inadequate capacity and corruption often undermine building regulations and public construction quality in developing countries.
  • The cost-benefit analysis of advanced engineering solutions may not favor them compared to other public health and safety interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Political economy factors significantly impede the adoption of effective disaster risk reduction strategies.
  • Simple, targeted disaster risk regulation, monitorable by non-experts, is needed for at-risk structures.
  • Enhanced transparency and oversight mechanisms for public construction projects are crucial for improving safety and reducing disaster-related deaths.