Epithelial organization and cyst lumen expansion require efficient Sec13-Sec31-driven secretion.
Anna K Townley1, Katy Schmidt, Lorna Hodgson
1Cell Biology Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
Coat complex II (COPII) vesicle formation, driven by Sec13, is crucial for epithelial morphogenesis. Depleting Sec13 disrupts gut epithelium organization and cell polarity, impacting tissue development.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Developmental Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Epithelial morphogenesis relies on extracellular matrix interactions.
- Efficient secretion of matrix components necessitates coat complex II (COPII) vesicle formation.
- Sec13 is an outer layer COPII component essential for vesicle trafficking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of Sec13 in epithelial morphogenesis.
- To determine the impact of Sec13 depletion on epithelial organization and polarity.
- To elucidate the necessity of COPII-dependent secretion in tissue development.
Main Methods:
- Depletion of Sec13 in zebrafish embryos and human intestinal Caco-2 cells.
- Assessment of epithelial organization, polarity, and intercellular junctions in 2D cultures.
- Analysis of cyst formation and lumen expansion in 3D matrix cultures.
- Complementation assays with primary fibroblasts in 3D cultures.
Main Results:
- Sec13 suppression in zebrafish caused disorganized gut epithelium.
- Sec13 depletion in Caco-2 cells led to defective epithelial polarity, adhesion, monolayer formation, and junctions.
- Sec13-depleted Caco-2 cells showed impaired lumen expansion in 3D cultures.
- Fibroblast incorporation rescued defective morphogenesis in 3D cultures.
Conclusions:
- Efficient COPII-dependent secretion, involving Sec13-Sec31 assembly, is vital for epithelial morphogenesis in vitro and in vivo.
- Sec13 plays a critical role in regulating epithelial cell adhesion, polarity, and tissue organization.
- Findings offer insights into epithelial polarity assays and the fundamental mechanisms of tissue development.
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