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Strength training effects in prepubescent boys.

J A Ramsay1, C J Blimkie, K Smith

  • 1School of Physical Education and Athletics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|October 1, 1990
PubMed
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Prepubertal boys showed significant strength gains from resistance training, independent of muscle size changes. Neurological adaptations, like improved motor unit activation, likely drove these improvements in young athletes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Exercise Science
  • Sports Medicine
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Understanding muscle adaptation in prepubertal children is crucial for optimizing training programs.
  • Resistance training effects on strength and muscle function in young boys require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the effects of 20 weeks of progressive resistance training on muscle size and function in prepubertal boys.
  • To determine if strength gains are related to changes in muscle cross-sectional area or motor unit activation.

Main Methods:

  • Thirteen prepubertal boys (9-11 years) participated in either a training or control group.
  • Training involved progressive resistance exercises three times weekly for 20 weeks.
  • Measurements included strength tests (1RM, isometric, isokinetic), muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), and motor unit activation (MUA).

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Main Results:

  • Significant increases in 1RM strength, isometric and isokinetic strength, and evoked twitch torque were observed in the trained group.
  • No significant changes in muscle CSA or %MUA were found, though a trend toward increased MUA was noted.
  • Strength gains were not correlated with changes in muscle CSA, suggesting neurological adaptations.

Conclusions:

  • Resistance training enhances strength and muscle function in prepubertal boys without significant changes in muscle size.
  • Neurological adaptations, including improved motor unit activation and coordination, are key drivers of strength gains in this age group.
  • These findings support the safety and efficacy of resistance training for prepubertal children.