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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
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Subsequent T...
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A Murine Model of Fetal Exposure to Maternal Inflammation to Study the Effects of Acute Chorioamnionitis on Newborn Intestinal Development
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Published on: June 24, 2020

Nutritionally mediated programming of the developing immune system.

Amanda C Palmer1

  • 1Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. acpalmer@jhsph.edu

Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)
|February 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal nutrition significantly programs offspring

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Maternal nutrition influences offspring's developing organ systems and immune pathways.
  • The developing immune system is particularly vulnerable to nutritional programming.
  • Maternal malnutrition can permanently alter immune ontogeny.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the mechanisms of nutrition-mediated immune programming.
  • To understand the long-term consequences of maternal malnutrition on immune development.
  • To highlight the public health implications, especially in developing regions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on maternal nutrition, immune development, and offspring health.
  • Analysis of proposed programming mechanisms: neuroendocrine-immune interactions, epigenetic modifications, and transfer of maternal immune factors.
  • Examination of animal studies and human observational data.

Main Results:

  • Maternal nutritional stress activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, leading to fetal exposure to stress hormones and altered neuroendocrine-immune interactions.
  • Nutrient-driven epigenetic changes in regulatory T cells can increase allergy or asthma risk.
  • Maternal malnutrition affects the transfer of immunomodulatory factors via placenta and breast milk.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal nutrition plays a critical role in immune system programming from conception through lactation.
  • Altered immune development due to maternal malnutrition has long-term implications for health, including infectious diseases, allergies, and chronic inflammatory conditions.
  • Interventions targeting maternal nutrition are crucial for public health, particularly in populations with high rates of undernutrition.