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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Tonsillitis II: Management01:26

Tonsillitis II: Management

This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
Cystic Fibrosis: Management01:24

Cystic Fibrosis: Management

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder that predominantly affects individuals of Northern European descent, occurring at a rate of 1 in 3500. It is caused by a genetic mutation in a gene on chromosome 7, most commonly the ΔF508 mutation, that codes for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. This results in thicker mucus secretions and obstruction pathologies in multiple organs, including the lungs and sinuses.
Sinus disease and chronic sinusitis...
Epistaxis01:30

Epistaxis

Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, occurs when small, swollen blood vessels in the nasal mucous membrane rupture. Typically, the anterior septum is the primary site of occurrence.
Etiology
Possible causes of this condition include high blood pressure, trauma, low humidity, upper respiratory tract infections, allergies, foreign bodies, nasal inhalation of corticosteroids or illicit drugs, excessive use of decongestant nasal sprays, facial or nasal surgery, anatomic malformation, tumors, or systemic...
Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis
03:40

Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis

Published on: December 20, 2024

[Conservative therapy of chronic sinusitis].

Michael Reiss1, Gilfe Reiss

  • 1Elblandkliniken Radebeul, HNO-Abteilung, Heinrich-Zille-Str 13, 01445 Radebeul. michael.reiss@elblandkliniken.de

Medizinische Monatsschrift Fur Pharmazeuten
|February 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) management involves topical glucocorticoids as first-line therapy. Other options include hypertonic saline, oral macrolides for severe cases, and adaptive desensitization for specific patients.

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Context:

  • Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a prevalent inflammatory condition affecting the nose and sinuses.
  • CRS significantly impairs patients' quality of life due to symptoms like nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, and facial pain.

Purpose:

  • To review current pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapeutic strategies for chronic rhinosinusitis.
  • To highlight evidence-based treatment options for managing CRS symptoms and improving patient outcomes.

Summary:

  • Topical glucocorticoids are recommended as the primary pharmacologic treatment for CRS.
  • Hypertonic salt solutions offer symptomatic relief, while long-term oral macrolides may benefit moderate to severe CRS without nasal polyps.
  • Adaptive desensitization presents a unique causal therapy for analgesic-intolerant patients with CRS and nasal polyps, potentially reducing surgery.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis
03:40

Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis

Published on: December 20, 2024

Impact:

  • Effective management of CRS symptoms can significantly improve patients' quality of life.
  • This review provides clinicians with an overview of therapeutic options for optimizing CRS care.
  • Identifying causal therapies like desensitization may reduce the need for recurrent surgical interventions.