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Related Concept Videos

Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...
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The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
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A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an artificial opening into the trachea, typically at the second or third cartilaginous ring level. This opening allows the insertion of a tracheostomy tube, which can replace an endotracheal tube, provide mechanical ventilation, bypass an upper airway obstruction, or remove accumulated tracheobronchial secretions.
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Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Intrathecal Application of a Fluorescent Dye for the Identification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Cochlear Malformation
06:59

Intrathecal Application of a Fluorescent Dye for the Identification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Cochlear Malformation

Published on: February 29, 2020

Pneumocoele after cochlear implantation.

Shengyang Qiu1, Roger F Gray, Sanjiv Kumar

  • 1Department of Ear Nose and Throat Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, UK. sheng.qiu@wmuh.nhs.uk

Cochlear Implants International
|February 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scalp pneumocoeles are a rare complication after cochlear implantation. This case series highlights their presentation, diagnosis, management, and potential complications like infection and hearing loss.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Medical Complications

Background:

  • Scalp pneumocoele is an uncommon complication following cochlear implantation surgery.
  • This study presents the largest case series to date, detailing four instances over eight years at a single center.

Observation:

  • Pneumocoeles typically manifest as soft, fluctuant swellings near the cochlear implant receiver/stimulator.
  • Onset occurred within three months post-implantation in three cases, with one case appearing seven years later.
  • Valsalva's or Toynbee's maneuvers consistently triggered pneumocoele formation.

Findings:

  • Diagnosis relies on clinical presentation; aspiration can reduce size, though small pneumocoeles may resolve spontaneously.
  • Potential complications include infection and diminished cochlear implant function due to device displacement.
  • Preventative strategies involve advising patients to avoid maneuvers that increase intracranial pressure.

Implications:

  • Post-cochlear implantation pneumocoeles can lead to serious complications, including device malfunction and infection.
  • Understanding the mechanism and implementing preventative measures are crucial for patient management.
  • This series underscores the importance of recognizing and managing scalp pneumocoeles to preserve cochlear implant efficacy.