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The Cochlea

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.

Anatomy of the Ear

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...

Equilibrium and Balance

Equilibrium and Balance

The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...

The Vestibular System

The Vestibular System

The vestibular system is a set of inner ear structures that provide a sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system is comprised of structures within the labyrinth of the inner ear, including the cochlea and two otolith organs—the utricle and saccule. The labyrinth also contains three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—that are oriented on different planes.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Performing Repeated Intraoperative Impedance Telemetry Measurements during Cochlear Implantation

Performing Repeated Intraoperative Impedance Telemetry Measurements during Cochlear Implantation

Published on: August 4, 2023

Sound-induced vertigo after cochlear implantation.

Annekatrin Coordes¹, Dietmar Basta, Romy Götze

¹Department of Otolaryngology at UKB, Hospital of University of Berlin, Charité Medical School, Berlin, Germany. annekatrin.coordes@ukb.de

Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [And] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology

|February 16, 2012

Summary

Electrical stimulation from cochlear implants can cause sound-induced vertigo in patients. This vertigo appears to stem from the electrical stimulation of the sacculus, a part of the otolith organs.

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Performing Repeated Intraoperative Impedance Telemetry Measurements during Cochlear Implantation

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Published on: August 4, 2023

Performing Intracochlear Electrocochleography During Cochlear Implantation

Performing Intracochlear Electrocochleography During Cochlear Implantation

Published on: March 8, 2022

Area of Science:

Otolaryngology
Neuroscience
Vestibular System Research

Background:

Postoperative vertigo is a recognized complication following cochlear implantation.
The precise mechanisms linking cochlear implant electrical stimulation to vestibular disturbances remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the potential of electrical stimulation via cochlear implant electrodes to affect the vestibular system.
To determine if cochlear implant usage can induce vertigo in patients.

Main Methods:

A retrospective survey of 114 cochlear implant patients assessed the incidence and frequency of sound-induced vertigo.
A prospective study on 26 patients examined the direct effects of electrical stimulation on the vestibular system.

Main Results:

Among 104 patients without prior sound-induced vertigo, 18% (20 patients) reported developing it post-implantation.
Electrical stimulation elicited vestibular evoked myogenic potential responses in 4 of 26 patients, indicating sacculus costimulation.
Triggered nystagmus was observed, but utricular function and postural stability were unaffected.

Conclusions:

Sound-induced vertigo is a potential complication in cochlear implant recipients.
The primary cause appears to be electrical costimulation of the sacculus within the otolith organs.