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Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
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Updated: May 24, 2026

Customizing a Cryolite Glass Prosthetic Eye
08:04

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Published on: October 31, 2019

Coordination of iris sizes in ocular prostheses.

D N Firtell1

  • 1Department of Dentistry and the Clinical Investigation Center, Naval Hospital, San Diego, Calif 92134, USA.

The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
|February 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study details using steel punches for precise cutting, measuring, and coordinating iris discs. This method aids in the accurate fabrication of custom ocular prostheses.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmic prosthetics
  • Biomedical engineering
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Fabrication of ocular prostheses requires precise customization.
  • Accurate replication of iris details is crucial for aesthetic and functional outcomes.
  • Current methods may present challenges in achieving high fidelity in iris disc fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a novel methodology utilizing steel punches for iris disc fabrication.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of steel punches in cutting, measuring, and coordinating iris discs.
  • To enhance the precision and coordination of components in ocular prosthesis manufacturing.

Main Methods:

  • A series of specialized steel punches were employed.
  • Punches were used for precise cutting of iris disc materials.

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  • Methods for measuring and coordinating the cut discs were developed and applied.
  • Main Results:

    • Steel punches facilitated accurate cutting of iris discs.
    • The measurement and coordination steps were streamlined by the punch system.
    • Consistent and precise iris disc components were achieved.

    Conclusions:

    • Steel punches offer a viable and effective tool for iris disc fabrication.
    • This technique improves precision and coordination in ocular prosthesis manufacturing.
    • The methodology contributes to the advancement of prosthetic eye creation.