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Mechanical stretching for tissue engineering: two-dimensional and three-dimensional constructs.

Brandon D Riehl1, Jae-Hong Park, Il Keun Kwon

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA.

Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews
|February 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Mechanical cell stretching guides tissue engineering for enhanced functionality and strength. This review highlights its role in controlling cell behavior and developing mechanically robust tissues in 2D and 3D models.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Mechanical cell stretching influences cell growth, differentiation, and tissue organization.
  • Engineered tissues subjected to mechanical stretch exhibit improved functionality and strength compared to static controls.
  • Stretch stimulation offers a potent, minimally invasive method for guiding tissue development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in cell stretching techniques for tissue engineering.
  • To explore the application of mechanical stretch in controlling cellular processes like orientation, growth, and differentiation.
  • To discuss the development of mechanically functional tissues using both 2D and 3D cell stretching models.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies utilizing 2D and 3D cell stretching setups.

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A Novel Stretching Platform for Applications in Cell and Tissue Mechanobiology
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  • Analysis of custom stretching devices and mechanical bioreactors.
  • Examination of stretch mechanotransduction pathways in various cellular environments.
  • Main Results:

    • Cell stretching effectively controls cell orientation, growth, gene expression, and lineage commitment.
    • Successful tissue engineering of cardiac, muscle, vasculature, ligament, tendon, and bone tissues using mechanical stretch.
    • Identification of capabilities and limitations of current stretching devices and bioreactors.

    Conclusions:

    • Mechanical cell stretching is a key strategy for engineering mechanically functional tissues.
    • Further investigation into 3D stretch mechanotransduction is crucial for understanding tissue development.
    • Optimized, tissue-specific stretch regimens with biochemical feedback are essential for advanced tissue engineering protocols.