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Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Surgical Approach to Full Soft Tissue Face Allograft Procurement for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
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Facial composite tissue allograft.

Bohdan Pomahac1, Julian Pribaz

  • 1Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. bpomahac@partners.org

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|February 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Facial transplantation is safe using facial vessels, with scalp inclusion requiring superficial temporal vessel dissection. Direct peripheral facial nerve repair optimizes reinnervation and function.

Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Reconstructive Surgery
  • Vascular Surgery

Background:

  • Facial transplantation is a complex procedure due to intricate facial anatomy.
  • Previous techniques faced challenges with scalp inclusion and nerve reinnervation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a safe and effective technique for total face transplantation.
  • To optimize functional outcomes through precise nerve and vessel management.

Main Methods:

  • Facial allograft transplantation utilizing facial vessels for vascular supply.
  • Superficial temporal vessel supercharging in the preauricular area for scalp inclusion.
  • Direct peripheral facial nerve branch neurorrhaphy for motor and sensory reinnervation.

Main Results:

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  • Successful soft tissue facial transplantation, including maxilla and mandible, using facial vessels.
  • Hair-bearing scalp incorporation achieved via superficial temporal vessel supercharging.
  • Peripheral facial nerve repair demonstrated improved reinnervation compared to trunk neurorrhaphy.

Conclusions:

  • Total face transplantation is feasible and safe using facial vasculature.
  • Supercharging superficial temporal vessels simplifies scalp integration.
  • Prioritizing peripheral facial nerve repair enhances functional recovery and minimizes synkinesis.