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Leg stiffness of sprinters using running-specific prostheses.

Craig P McGowan1, Alena M Grabowski, William J McDermott

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Life Sciences South, 263, Moscow, ID, USA. cpmcgowan@uidaho.edu

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface
|February 17, 2012
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Summary

Running-specific prostheses (RSPs) do not match biological legs (bioL) in stiffness modulation. RSPs decrease leg stiffness with increasing speed, unlike bioL, impacting running dynamics and force application.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Prosthetics
  • Human Movement Science

Background:

  • Running-specific prostheses (RSPs) aim to mimic biological legs (bioL) for running.
  • Limited understanding exists on how RSPs influence leg stiffness and running dynamics across speeds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of RSPs on whole leg stiffness and running mechanics.
  • To compare running dynamics in unilateral/bilateral transtibial amputees using RSPs versus non-amputees.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a spring-mass model to analyze running mechanics.
  • Examined participants across a range of running speeds.
  • Included unilateral amputees, bilateral amputees, and performance-matched controls.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences observed in affected legs (ALs) of amputees compared to bioL.
  • BioL stiffness remained constant or increased with speed; RSP legs showed decreased stiffness.
  • Decreased stiffness in RSP legs resulted from lower peak ground reaction forces and increased leg compression.

Conclusions:

  • RSPs exhibit reduced ability to modulate leg stiffness compared to bioL.
  • Fixed RSP stiffness and altered limb posture limit force application and stiffness modulation during running.
  • Prosthetic design may hinder optimal running performance and adaptation to speed changes.