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Updated: May 24, 2026

Microcrystallography of Protein Crystals and In Cellulo Diffraction
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Microcrystallography of Protein Crystals and In Cellulo Diffraction

Published on: July 21, 2017

Phase retrieval in protein crystallography.

Zhong Chuan Liu1, Rui Xu, Yu Hui Dong

  • 1Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section A, Foundations of Crystallography
|February 18, 2012
PubMed
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This study introduces an oversampling method using the hybrid input-output algorithm to solve the crystallographic phase problem. The technique successfully extends low-resolution protein structures to higher resolutions, aiding in structure determination.

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Structural Biology
  • X-ray Diffraction

Background:

  • The phase problem is a critical challenge in determining crystallographic structures.
  • Accurate phase information is essential for reconstructing electron density maps and elucidating molecular structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an oversampling method for retrieving crystallographic phases.
  • To extend low-resolution protein structures to higher resolutions without additional sample preparation.

Main Methods:

  • The proposed method is based on the hybrid input-output (HIO) algorithm.
  • It utilizes a protein envelope to define density and solvent regions within the unit cell.
  • The algorithm iteratively refines phases and density maps over several hundred to a few thousand iterations.

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Crystallization of Membrane Proteins in Lipidic Mesophases
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Crystallization of Membrane Proteins in Lipidic Mesophases

Published on: March 28, 2011

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Microcrystallography of Protein Crystals and In Cellulo Diffraction
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PCR Mutagenesis, Cloning, Expression, Fast Protein Purification Protocols and Crystallization of the Wild Type and Mutant Forms of Tryptophan Synthase
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Crystallization of Membrane Proteins in Lipidic Mesophases
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Crystallization of Membrane Proteins in Lipidic Mesophases

Published on: March 28, 2011

Main Results:

  • Successful retrieval of phases and density maps from experimental X-ray diffraction data.
  • Demonstrated ability to extend low-resolution structures to higher resolutions.
  • Validated using protein envelopes derived from Protein Data Bank structure files.

Conclusions:

  • The oversampling HIO method effectively solves the phase problem in crystallography.
  • This approach facilitates ab initio structure determination of proteins.
  • It offers a valuable tool for advancing structural biology research.