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Related Concept Videos

Intellectual Disability01:29

Intellectual Disability

Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
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Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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Environmental Influences on Intelligence01:29

Environmental Influences on Intelligence

Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children from...
Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
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Biological Influences on Intelligence01:30

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Intelligence is often thought to be linked to brain size, but the relationship is more complex than that. While brain size does correlate modestly with some abilities, like verbal skills, the connection is weaker for others, such as spatial reasoning. Other factors, like brain structure, also play crucial roles. For instance, despite Einstein's smaller-than-average brain, his parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial reasoning, was 15% wider, suggesting that neural density might matter more...
Binet's Contribution to Measures of Intelligence01:23

Binet's Contribution to Measures of Intelligence

Alfred Binet, along with his student Théophile Simon, was tasked by the French Ministry of Education in 1904 to create a method for identifying students who struggled to learn through conventional classroom instruction. This initiative aimed to address overcrowding by placing such students in specialized schools. Binet and Simon developed an intelligence test comprising 30 tasks, ranging from simple commands, like touching one's nose or ear, to more complex tasks, such as drawing designs from...

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Measuring the Functional Abilities of Children Aged 3-6 Years Old with Observational Methods and Computer Tools
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How much does intellectual disability really cost? First estimates for Australia.

Christopher M Doran1, Stewart L Einfeld, Rosamond H Madden

  • 1Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, University of Newcastle, Australia.

Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability
|February 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The economic cost of intellectual disability (ID) in Australia is substantial, particularly for families who bear significant financial burdens. This study highlights the need for effective resource allocation in ID support services.

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Area of Science:

  • Health Economics
  • Disability Studies
  • Social Policy

Background:

  • Limited data exists on the financial impact of intellectual disability (ID).
  • This study quantifies the economic burden of ID on Australian families and government.
  • Understanding these costs is crucial for policy development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the direct and indirect costs associated with intellectual disability for families in Australia.
  • To assess government expenditure on support and services for individuals with ID.
  • To provide data for informed policy decisions regarding resource allocation.

Main Methods:

  • Family costs were determined using the Client Service Receipt Inventory, capturing service use and personal expenses.
  • Government spending was estimated through a top-down costing approach.
  • Data was collected from 109 participating parents.

Main Results:

  • The total annual economic cost of intellectual disability in Australia is approximately $14.72 billion.
  • Families incur high costs, with 85% attributed to the opportunity cost of lost time.
  • A significant financial disparity exists between family expenses and social welfare benefits received, potentially impacting family wellbeing.

Conclusions:

  • Continuous monitoring of expenditure related to intellectual disability is essential.
  • Policies must ensure rational, equitable, and cost-effective allocation of funds for ID support.
  • Addressing the financial strain on families is critical for their physical and emotional health.