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Method effects: the problem with negatively versus positively keyed items.

Magnus Lindwall1, Vassilis Barkoukis, Caterina Grano

  • 1Department of Psychology, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. Magnus.Lindwall@psy.gu.se

Journal of Personality Assessment
|February 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Method effects influence self-esteem scale results in older adults. Depression and life satisfaction predict these effects, particularly for negatively worded items, impacting cross-cultural research.

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Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Gerontology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) is widely used to measure self-esteem.
  • Method effects, such as item wording, can influence scale responses.
  • Understanding these effects is crucial for accurate measurement in diverse populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate method effects on the RSES in older European adults.
  • To examine the influence of item wording (positively vs. negatively phrased) on RSES scores.
  • To explore the relationship between method effects, depression, and life satisfaction.

Main Methods:

  • Confirmatory factor analyses were employed.
  • Data from 949 community-dwelling older adults (≥60 years) across 5 European countries were analyzed.
  • The RSES, alongside measures of depression and life satisfaction, was administered.

Main Results:

  • Two models incorporating method effects demonstrated acceptable fit.
  • Method effects were linked to both positively and negatively worded items.
  • Higher depression and lower life satisfaction scores correlated with endorsing negatively phrased items.

Conclusions:

  • Method effects on the RSES are present in older European adults.
  • These effects vary across countries but are consistent across gender and age.
  • Psychological factors like depression and life satisfaction significantly predict method effects, particularly concerning item wording.