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The sensitization model to explain how chronic pain exists without tissue damage
C Paul van Wilgen1, Doeke Keizer
1University Center for Sport, Exercise, and Health, Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. c.p.van.wilgen@sport.umcg.nl
Summary
Chronic pain, often difficult to explain, involves central nervous system sensitization. This model helps nurses explain pain
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Pain Management
- Nursing Care
Background:
- Chronic pain lacks clear physical cause, complicating nurse-patient interactions.
- Conditions like low back pain, whiplash, and fibromyalgia share central nervous system sensitization as a common cause.
- Sensitization involves neurophysiologic changes, alongside behavioral, psychological, and environmental factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present the sensitization model as a tool for nurses.
- To provide a framework for explaining chronic pain to patients.
- To enhance nurse-patient communication regarding chronic pain.
Main Methods:
- Describing the sensitization model using a metaphor.
- Reviewing evidence on the pathogenesis of chronic pain syndromes.
- Analyzing the role of neurophysiologic changes in chronic pain.
Main Results:
- The sensitization model offers a physical explanation for chronic pain.
- Understanding sensitization can improve patient motivation to address psychosocial factors.
- The model facilitates communication and education for nurses.
Conclusions:
- The sensitization model is a valuable tool for nurses.
- It aids in explaining chronic pain's physical basis to patients.
- This explanation can improve patient engagement with contributing psychosocial factors.
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