Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 24, 2026
07:20
Unveiling Histone Proteoforms using 2D-TAU Gel Electrophoresis
Published on: October 18, 2024
Histone carbonylation occurs in proliferating cells
José Luis García-Giménez1, Ana María Velázquez Ledesma, Isabel Esmoris
1Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, FIHCUV-Incliva, Universitat de Valencia, E46010 Valencia, Spain.
Free Radical Biology & Medicine
|February 21, 2012
Summary
Histone carbonylation, a redox modification, increases during active DNA synthesis in fibroblasts. This modification appears to be involved in histone detoxification, suggesting a role in redox epigenetics.
Area of Science:
- Epigenetics
- Cell Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Chromatin structure, regulated by histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs), controls cellular events like proliferation.
- Redox modifications of histones, termed "redox epigenetics," are emerging as crucial for chromatin function.
- Histone carbonylation's role in cellular redox balance and proliferation remains largely unexplored.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate histone carbonylation patterns during cell proliferation in NIH3T3 fibroblasts.
- To explore the relationship between histone carbonylation, DNA synthesis, and DNA damage response markers.
- To introduce a novel method for analyzing histone carbonylation variants.
Main Methods:
- Utilized NIH3T3 fibroblasts to study histone carbonylation during cell proliferation.
- Assessed poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and phospho-H2AX levels concurrently with histone carbonylation.
- Developed and employed the oxy-2D-TAU Western blot technique for detailed carbonylation analysis.
Main Results:
- Elevated carbonylation was observed on histones H1, H1(0), and H3.1 dimers during active DNA synthesis.
- Histone carbonylation levels decreased with the activation of nuclear proteasome activity.
- Carbonylation patterns showed limited correlation with poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and phospho-H2AX levels.
Conclusions:
- Histone carbonylation is a specific modification during cell proliferation, potentially linked to histone detoxification.
- The oxy-2D-TAU Western blot method enables precise analysis of histone carbonylation patterns.
- This study highlights a novel role for histone carbonylation in redox epigenetics and DNA synthesis.
More Related Videos
10:09Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
Published on: January 26, 2018
08:12Global Level Quantification of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in a 3D Cell Culture Model of Hepatic Tissue
Published on: May 5, 2022
Related Concept Videos
02:32Histone Modification
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
02:32Histone Modification
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
03:17Inheritance of Chromatin Structures
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
01:32Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
02:25Spreading of Chromatin Modifications
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
02:38Heterochromatin
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...