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Related Concept Videos

Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
Nondisjunction01:21

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold sister...
Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance01:14

Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance

Avoidance-avoidance conflict refers to a psychological situation where a person must choose between two or more unpleasant alternatives. These conflicts are particularly stressful because neither option is desirable. This dilemma is often expressed in sayings like "caught between a rock and a hard place" or "between the devil and the deep blue sea." For instance, individuals who fear dental procedures may find themselves torn between enduring a painful toothache or facing the anxiety of...
Case Studies01:22

Case Studies

There are many research methods available to psychologists in their efforts to understand, describe, and explain behavior and the cognitive and biological processes that underlie it.
Trihybrid Crosses02:27

Trihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal chance to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Model Surgical Training: Skills Acquisition in Fetoscopic Laser Photocoagulation of Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Placenta Using Realistic Simulators
09:51

Model Surgical Training: Skills Acquisition in Fetoscopic Laser Photocoagulation of Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Placenta Using Realistic Simulators

Published on: March 21, 2018

Twins--twice more trouble?

Joaquin Santolaya1, Revital Faro

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA. santoljo@umdnj.edu

Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology
|February 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Twin pregnancies are high-risk, with increased complications and adverse outcomes. Ultrasound aids in managing twin gestations, guiding conservative approaches for uncomplicated cases and informing delivery decisions.

More Related Videos

Guide Wire Assisted Catheterization and Colored Dye Injection for Vascular Mapping of Monochorionic Twin Placentas
09:04

Guide Wire Assisted Catheterization and Colored Dye Injection for Vascular Mapping of Monochorionic Twin Placentas

Published on: September 5, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Model Surgical Training: Skills Acquisition in Fetoscopic Laser Photocoagulation of Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Placenta Using Realistic Simulators
09:51

Model Surgical Training: Skills Acquisition in Fetoscopic Laser Photocoagulation of Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Placenta Using Realistic Simulators

Published on: March 21, 2018

Guide Wire Assisted Catheterization and Colored Dye Injection for Vascular Mapping of Monochorionic Twin Placentas
09:04

Guide Wire Assisted Catheterization and Colored Dye Injection for Vascular Mapping of Monochorionic Twin Placentas

Published on: September 5, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Perinatology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Twin gestations represent approximately 3% of US pregnancies and carry higher risks.
  • Complications include hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, preterm delivery, and increased mortality/morbidity for twins.
  • Singleton pregnancies have lower rates of adverse outcomes compared to twin gestations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the management of twin gestations.
  • To highlight the role of ultrasound in evaluating and managing twin pregnancies.
  • To provide guidance on delivery timing and mode based on gestational characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current evidence and clinical guidelines for twin pregnancy management.
  • Emphasis on the utility of serial ultrasound evaluations.
  • Application of clinical judgment informed by imaging and obstetrical history.

Main Results:

  • Uncomplicated diamniotic twins with appropriate growth post-24 weeks benefit from conservative management.
  • Delivery timing and mode should be individualized based on fetal presentation and maternal history.
  • Ultrasound is crucial for assessing growth, presentation, and guiding perinatal management.

Conclusions:

  • Conservative management is recommended for uncomplicated diamniotic twins.
  • Ultrasound imaging is indispensable for optimizing perinatal outcomes in twin gestations.
  • Individualized clinical judgment, enhanced by ultrasound, is key for managing complex twin pregnancies.