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Design for broadband high-efficiency grating couplers.

Zhe Xiao1, Feng Luan, Tsung-Yang Liow

  • 1OPTIMUS, School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.

Optics Letters
|February 21, 2012
PubMed
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We developed new methods for designing broadband, high-efficiency grating couplers for planar waveguides. Our approach enhances coupling bandwidth and efficiency for optical fiber to waveguide connections.

Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Optical Engineering
  • Waveguide Technology
  • Nanophotonics

Background:

  • Grating couplers are essential for interfacing optical fibers with planar waveguides.
  • Achieving broadband operation and high coupling efficiency simultaneously remains a challenge.
  • Existing methods often lack generalizability for various waveguide structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose general optimization methods for designing broadband, high-efficiency grating couplers.
  • To provide a theoretical framework for understanding and improving coupling bandwidth.
  • To develop a practical optimization procedure for layered grating couplers.

Main Methods:

  • Deduction of a coupling bandwidth formula based on effective index mismatch.

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  • Proposal of a parameter-separate optimization procedure for general layered gratings.
  • Optimization of a specific grating coupler for a horizontal slot waveguide.

    • Main Results:

    • A grating coupler design achieving a 60 nm 1 dB bandwidth.
    • Demonstration of 65% coupling efficiency for TM polarization.
    • Successful operation with incident light from a single-mode optical fiber (SMF) at an 8° angle.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed optimization methods are effective for designing high-performance grating couplers.
    • The theoretical framework aids in understanding the factors limiting coupling bandwidth.
    • The demonstrated grating coupler design shows significant potential for integrated photonic applications.