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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

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Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...

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A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings

Published on: November 9, 2016

Implementing a pediatric pharmacy educational program for health-system pharmacists.

Rachel S Meyers¹, Jennifer Costello-Curtin

¹Rutgers University, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA. rachel.meyers@pharmacy.rutgers.edu

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

|February 21, 2012

Summary

A new pediatric pharmacy education program significantly boosted health-system pharmacists' confidence and knowledge. The program improved both self-assessed confidence and objectively measured competence in pediatric pharmacotherapy.

Keywords:

competence confidence health system pediatric pharmacy pharmacy postgraduate education

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings

Published on: November 9, 2016

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System

Published on: December 11, 2016

Area of Science:

Pharmacy Education
Pediatric Pharmacotherapy
Health-System Pharmacy Practice

Background:

Health-system pharmacists require specialized knowledge for effective pediatric patient care.
Existing pediatric pharmacotherapy knowledge and confidence levels among pharmacists may vary.
Targeted educational interventions are crucial for enhancing pediatric care delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

To implement and evaluate an educational program aimed at improving pediatric content knowledge.
To enhance the confidence of health-system pharmacists in managing pediatric pharmacotherapy.
To assess the impact of the educational program on pharmacists' competence in pediatric care.

Main Methods:

Prospective, observational design involving voluntary participation of health-system pharmacists.
Pre- and post-intervention assessments of confidence in providing pediatric care.
Pre- and post-lecture competency assessments to measure knowledge acquisition.

Main Results:

Five out of six confidence scores showed improvement post-intervention.
Significant improvements were observed in test scores for 2 of 8 postlecture competency assessments.
Overall average test scores were significantly higher after the educational intervention compared to pre-intervention levels.

Conclusions:

The implemented pediatric pharmacy education program led to significant gains in pharmacist confidence.
Competence in pediatric pharmacotherapy among health-system pharmacists was demonstrably enhanced.
Educational initiatives are effective in improving specialized knowledge and skills in pediatric pharmacy practice.