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Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms03:26

Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms

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The alkali metal sodium (atomic number 11) has one more electron than the neon atom. This electron must go into the lowest-energy subshell available, the 3s orbital, giving a 1s22s22p63s1 configuration. The electrons occupying the outermost shell orbital(s) (highest value of n) are called valence electrons, and those occupying the inner shell orbitals are called core electrons. Since the core electron shells correspond to noble gas electron configurations, we can abbreviate electron...
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Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
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Metal-free Synthesis of Ynones from Acyl Chlorides and Potassium Alkynyltrifluoroborate Salts
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K(3)Al(2)As(3)O(12).

Berthold Stöger1, Matthias Weil

  • 1Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Division of Structural Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164-SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|February 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single crystals of tripotassium dialuminotriarsenate(V) were synthesized. This new material features a 3D network of corner-sharing tetrahedra, with potassium cations in distorted channels.

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Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Crystal Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Potassium arsenates are known compounds with diverse structural motifs.
  • The synthesis of novel crystalline materials can reveal new structural architectures and properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the crystal structure of unintentionally synthesized K(3)Al(2)As(3)O(12).
  • To investigate the structural relationships with known isotypic compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Single crystal X-ray diffraction was used to determine the crystal structure.
  • The synthesis was achieved via reaction of KAsO(3) with a corundum crucible at 973 K.

Main Results:

  • The crystal structure of K(3)Al(2)As(3)O(12) was determined.
  • The structure is isotypic with K(3)M'(2)X(3)O(12) compounds, featuring a 3D network of corner-sharing [AlO(4)] and [AsO(4)] tetrahedra.
  • Potassium cations (K(+)) occupy channels with coordination numbers of 9, 8, and 6, with distorted [KO(x)] polyhedra.

Conclusions:

  • The unintentional synthesis yielded a new crystalline phase, K(3)Al(2)As(3)O(12).
  • The determined structure expands the family of known K(3)M'(2)X(3)O(12) compounds.
  • The structural analysis highlights the role of potassium cations in stabilizing the three-dimensional tetrahedral framework.