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Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.

Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction

Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction

Introduction
Alkylation of terminal alkynes with primary alkyl halides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide is one of the common methods for the synthesis of longer carbon-chain alkynes. For example, treatment of 1-propyne with sodium amide followed by reaction with ethyl bromide yields 2-pentyne.

Nomenclature of Alkynes

Nomenclature of Alkynes

Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons characterized by the presence of carbon-carbon triple bonds and have a general formula CnH2n-2. The nomenclature of alkynes follows a set of rules similar to alkanes and alkenes; however, alkynes bear the suffix "-yne" instead of "-ane" or "-ene." There are two approaches to naming alkynes:

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...

Prochirality

Prochirality

The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...

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Updated: May 24, 2026

Constructing Thioether/Vinyl Sulfide-tethered Helical Peptides Via Photo-induced Thiol-ene/yne Hydrothiolation

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Triphen-yl(prop-2-yn-1-yl)silane.

Björn Nelson¹, Michaela Schulte, Carsten Strohmann

¹Fakultät Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online

|February 21, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study details the crystal structure of a silicon-containing organic compound. Analysis reveals a distorted tetrahedral geometry around the silicon atom and specific bond lengths and angles within the molecule.

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Area of Science:

Organosilicon Chemistry
Crystallography

Background:

Organosilicon compounds are crucial in materials science and organic synthesis.
Understanding the precise molecular geometry and bonding in these compounds is key to predicting their properties and reactivity.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the crystal structure and molecular geometry of the title compound, C(21)H(18)Si.
To provide precise data on bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral angles within the molecule.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the three-dimensional structure.
Crystallographic data analysis was performed to obtain bond parameters and molecular conformation.

Main Results:

The silicon atom exhibits a slightly distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry.
Si-C bond lengths range from 1.855(2) to 1.883(3) Å, and C-Si-C angles range from 106.05(11) to 110.58(10)°.
The alkyne C-C bond length is 1.167(4) Å, with dihedral angles between phenyl rings varying between 63.89(7)° and 86.38(7)°.

Conclusions:

The crystal structure of C(21)H(18)Si has been fully characterized.
The molecule adopts a conformation with specific phenyl ring orientations, interacting via van der Waals forces in the crystal lattice.