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Related Concept Videos

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene01:20

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene

The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.
2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by water loss...
Physical Properties of Amines01:26

Physical Properties of Amines

Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.

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Updated: May 24, 2026

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase
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Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

Published on: November 23, 2016

2-Amino-3-nitro-benzoic acid.

Yip-Foo Win, Chen-Shang Choong, Siang-Guan Teoh

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |February 21, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study details the crystal structure of a novel compound, C(7)H(6)N(2)O(4). Molecular analysis reveals intra-molecular hydrogen bonds stabilizing the planar structure, forming S(6) ring motifs and a 3D crystal network.

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    A General Method for Detecting Nitrosamide Formation in the In Vitro Metabolism of Nitrosamines by Cytochrome P450s

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    A General Method for Detecting Nitrosamide Formation in the In Vitro Metabolism of Nitrosamines by Cytochrome P450s
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    A General Method for Detecting Nitrosamide Formation in the In Vitro Metabolism of Nitrosamines by Cytochrome P450s

    Published on: September 25, 2017

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Molecular Structure Analysis
    • Chemical Bonding

    Background:

    • Understanding molecular interactions is crucial for materials science.
    • Hydrogen bonding plays a key role in crystal lattice formation.
    • Planar molecular geometries influence material properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(7)H(6)N(2)O(4).
    • To investigate the role of intra-molecular and inter-molecular hydrogen bonding.
    • To characterize the resulting three-dimensional network in the crystal.

    Main Methods:

    • X-ray crystallography was used to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
    • Analysis of atomic deviations from planarity (r.m.s. deviation).
    • Identification and characterization of hydrogen bonding interactions (N-H⋯O, O-H⋯O, C-H⋯O).

    Main Results:

    • The title compound, C(7)H(6)N(2)O(4), exhibits an approximately planar molecular geometry.
    • Intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds were identified, forming S(6) ring motifs.
    • Inter-molecular hydrogen bonds link molecules into a stable three-dimensional crystal network.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure of C(7)H(6)N(2)O(4) is characterized by a planar molecule stabilized by intra-molecular hydrogen bonds.
    • The compound forms an extensive three-dimensional network through various inter-molecular hydrogen bonds.
    • This structural analysis provides fundamental insights into the solid-state behavior of this compound.