Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Encoding01:19

Encoding

Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Non-Verbal Cues01:29

Non-Verbal Cues

Non-verbal communication extends beyond gestures and facial expressions to include vocal elements known as paralanguage. Paralanguage consists of non-verbal vocal cues such as pitch, loudness, speech rate, pauses, and non-verbal vocalizations like laughter, sighs, and moans. These elements not only accompany speech but also provide critical emotional and contextual information.The Role of Paralanguage in CommunicationParalanguage adds depth to spoken language by conveying emotions and...
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...
Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reference intervals for peripheral blood neutrophil CD64 index and monocyte HLA-DR in healthy adults.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Transfer of statistical learning from speech perception to production generalizes to reading.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2026
Same author

Alterations in peripheral blood B cell subsets and their clinical significance in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Design and anti-inflammatory activity evaluation of tryptophan analogs as novel dipeptidyl peptidase I inhibitors.

European journal of medicinal chemistry·2026
Same author

Optimizing the Comprehensive Ion Effects in Glass-Forming Aqueous Inorganic Salt Electrolytes for Supercapacitor Applications at Extremely Low Temperatures.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

A memristor-based energy-efficient compressed sensing accelerator with hardware-software co-optimization for edge computing.

National science review·2026
Same journal

Adverse and positive childhood experiences in relation to adolescent mental health: sequential indirect associations.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

Personality profiles and usage experience are associated with trust and dependence on generative AI: a latent profile analysis.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

Editorial: Promoting replicability: empowering method and applied researchers in driving reliable results.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

The mediating roles of the challenge appraisal in the relationship between the coach-athlete relationship and adolescent athletes' burnout.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

Unpacking GenAI-enabled deep learning engagement: role perceptions, human-GenAI synergy strategies, and underlying mechanisms.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

Violence exposure and cyberbullying among Chinese adolescents: the mediating role of moral disengagement.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization
05:35

Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization

Published on: April 19, 2017

Listening for the norm: adaptive coding in speech categorization.

Jingyuan Huang1, Lori L Holt

  • 1Department of Psychology, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Frontiers in Psychology
|February 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Speech perception relies on long-term average spectrum (LTAS), not just talker-specific cues. This study shows LTAS influences vowel categorization, suggesting general perceptual mechanisms are key in talker normalization.

Keywords:
LTASspeech perceptiontalker normalization

More Related Videos

Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms
07:31

Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms

Published on: February 8, 2019

Memorization-Based Training and Testing Paradigm for Robust Vocal Identity Recognition in Expressive Speech Using Event-Related Potentials Analysis
05:48

Memorization-Based Training and Testing Paradigm for Robust Vocal Identity Recognition in Expressive Speech Using Event-Related Potentials Analysis

Published on: August 9, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization
05:35

Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization

Published on: April 19, 2017

Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms
07:31

Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms

Published on: February 8, 2019

Memorization-Based Training and Testing Paradigm for Robust Vocal Identity Recognition in Expressive Speech Using Event-Related Potentials Analysis
05:48

Memorization-Based Training and Testing Paradigm for Robust Vocal Identity Recognition in Expressive Speech Using Event-Related Potentials Analysis

Published on: August 9, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Auditory Perception
  • Speech Science

Background:

  • Perceptual aftereffects reveal representational dimensions through context stimulus effects.
  • Talker normalization in speech perception is typically explained by talker-, speech-, or articulatory-specific features.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of long-term average spectrum (LTAS) in talker normalization.
  • To test the hypothesis that LTAS, rather than talker-specific information, drives context-dependent speech perception.

Main Methods:

  • Examined vowel categorization using perceptual aftereffects.
  • Compared the influence of speech contexts with manipulated talker characteristics to non-speech analogs matched for LTAS.

Main Results:

  • Vowel categorization was equivalently influenced by speech contexts and non-speech analogs with matched LTAS.
  • Non-speech contexts lacked talker, speech, or articulatory information, implicating general perceptual mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • The long-term average spectrum (LTAS) of speech context is a significant factor in talker normalization.
  • General perceptual mechanisms, rather than talker-specific adaptations, likely underlie observed context-dependent speech perception patterns.
  • Results support adaptive perceptual coding models of speech processing.