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Related Concept Videos

Bioreactor Controls-I01:28

Bioreactor Controls-I

Maintaining optimal conditions within fermenters is essential for maximizing microbial productivity and ensuring process efficiency. This lesson focuses on key parameters—temperature, foam, pH, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and pressure—and their precise measurement and control strategies in fermentation systems.Temperature ControlTemperature regulation is critical due to the exothermic nature of many fermentation processes. In small laboratory fermenters, temperature is commonly monitored using...
The Joule and Joule–Thomson Experiments01:23

The Joule and Joule–Thomson Experiments

Consider an adiabatic system composed of two chambers, A and B, designed such that no heat flows into or out of the system. Initially, chamber A is filled with a gas at a fixed temperature T1, pressure p1, and volume V1, while chamber B is evacuated. The gas is then gradually forced through a rigid, porous barrier to chamber B, ultimately reaching temperature T2, pressure p2, and volume V2. A piston on the right side maintains a constant pressure (p2), which is lower than p1. The significant...
Constant Pressure Calorimetry03:02

Constant Pressure Calorimetry

Calorimetry is a technique used to measure the amount of heat involved in a chemical or physical process or to measure the heat transferred to or from a substance. The heat is exchanged with a calibrated and insulated device called the calorimeter. Calorimetry experiments are based on the assumption that there is no heat exchange between the insulated calorimeter and the external environment. The well-insulated calorimeters prevent the transfer of heat between the calorimeter and its external...
Gas Chromatography: Sample Injection Systems01:08

Gas Chromatography: Sample Injection Systems

In gas chromatography, the sample is introduced as a vapor plug into the carrier gas stream for high efficiency and resolution. A microsyringe injects the sample solution into a heated sample port, vaporizing it and mixing it with the carrier gas. This process is important to ensure the sample is properly prepared for analysis. Thermally sensitive samples can be injected directly into the column and volatilized by slowly increasing the column temperature.
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Physical Principles Governing Gas Exchange01:16

Physical Principles Governing Gas Exchange

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Gas Laws Governing Respiration
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Updated: May 24, 2026

Medium Preparation for the Cultivation of Microorganisms under Strictly Anaerobic/Anoxic Conditions
06:17

Medium Preparation for the Cultivation of Microorganisms under Strictly Anaerobic/Anoxic Conditions

Published on: August 15, 2019

A system for incubations at high gas partial pressure.

Patrick Sauer1, Clemens Glombitza, Jens Kallmeyer

  • 1Geomicrobiology Group, Institute for Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Potsdam Potsdam, Germany.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|February 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel incubation system to simulate deep subsurface conditions, controlling both hydrostatic and high gas partial pressures. This system enables accurate studies of microbial metabolism and geochemical processes in extreme environments.

Keywords:
carbon dioxidegas partial pressurehigh-pressure incubation systemlow molecular weight organic acidssub-sampling

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High-pressure Sapphire Cell for Phase Equilibria Measurements of CO2/Organic/Water Systems
05:46

High-pressure Sapphire Cell for Phase Equilibria Measurements of CO2/Organic/Water Systems

Published on: January 24, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Geosciences
  • Microbiology
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Deep subsurface environments are characterized by high hydrostatic pressure and high partial pressures of dissolved gases.
  • Accurate simulation of these conditions is crucial for understanding microbial metabolism and geochemical reactions.
  • Existing systems often fail to replicate the combined high hydrostatic and gas partial pressures found in situ.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a cost-effective incubation system capable of simulating deep subsurface conditions.
  • To enable precise control over hydrostatic pressure, temperature, and gas partial pressures.
  • To facilitate versatile applications including microbial incubation, chemical degradation, and extraction experiments.

Main Methods:

  • Designed an incubation system with hydrostatic pressure up to 60 MPa and temperatures up to 120°C.
  • Utilized a flexible, gas-impermeable polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) sleeve to isolate samples.
  • Enabled manipulation of gas composition and partial pressure, with options for static or flow-through experiments.

Main Results:

  • Successfully extracted organic compounds from sub-bituminous coal using H2O and H2O-CO2 mixtures at 90°C and 5 MPa.
  • Demonstrated microbial activity studies using samples from the Isis mud volcano.
  • Observed an increased sulfate reduction rate upon methane addition in microbial samples.

Conclusions:

  • The developed incubation system accurately replicates deep subsurface conditions, including high gas partial pressures.
  • The system is versatile for studying microbial metabolism, geochemical interactions, and extraction processes.
  • This technology advances research into deep subsurface environments, relevant to carbon sequestration and astrobiology.