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Updated: May 24, 2026

Specific and Accurate Detection of the Citrus Greening Pathogen Candidatus liberibacter spp. Using Conventional PCR on Citrus Leaf Tissue Samples

Specific and Accurate Detection of the Citrus Greening Pathogen Candidatus liberibacter spp. Using Conventional PCR on Citrus Leaf Tissue Samples

Published on: June 29, 2018

Reference genes for accurate transcript normalization in citrus genotypes under different experimental conditions.

Valéria Mafra¹, Karen S Kubo, Marcio Alves-Ferreira

¹Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Cordeirópolis-São Paulo, Brazil.

|February 21, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Selecting stable reference genes is crucial for accurate gene expression analysis in citrus. This study identified FBOX, SAND, GAPC2, and UPL7 as superior reference genes for normalization across various tissues and pathogen challenges.

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Specific and Accurate Detection of the Citrus Greening Pathogen Candidatus liberibacter spp. Using Conventional PCR on Citrus Leaf Tissue Samples

Specific and Accurate Detection of the Citrus Greening Pathogen Candidatus liberibacter spp. Using Conventional PCR on Citrus Leaf Tissue Samples

Published on: June 29, 2018

Forced Flowering in Mandarin Trees under Phytotron Conditions

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Published on: March 6, 2019

Determination of Self-(In)compatibility and Inter-(In)compatibility Relationships in Citrus Using Manual Pollination, Microscopy, and S-Genotype Analyses

Determination of Self-(In)compatibility and Inter-(In)compatibility Relationships in Citrus Using Manual Pollination, Microscopy, and S-Genotype Analyses

Published on: June 30, 2023

Area of Science:

Plant Molecular Biology
Genomics
Biotechnology

Background:

Real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) is vital for gene expression profiling.
Accurate normalization in RT-qPCR relies on selecting stable reference genes.
Citrus gene expression studies require validated reference genes for different conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the expression stability of 15 candidate reference genes in citrus.
To identify optimal reference genes for transcript normalization across diverse tissues, organs, and biotic stresses.
To validate the selected reference genes for accurate gene expression analysis in citrus.

Main Methods:

Assessed expression stability of 15 candidate genes using geNorm and NormFinder algorithms.
Analyzed gene expression in various citrus tissues, organs, and leaves infected with five pathogens.
Validated selected reference genes by normalizing the expression of WRKY70 in Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus-infected leaves.

Main Results:

FBOX and GAPC2 demonstrated high expression stability across tested conditions.
CYP, TUB, and CtP were identified as the least stable reference genes.
FBOX, SAND, GAPC2, and UPL7 are recommended as superior reference genes for citrus gene expression studies.

Conclusions:

The selection of appropriate reference genes is critical for reliable gene expression data in citrus.
FBOX, SAND, GAPC2, and UPL7 provide robust normalization across different citrus tissues and biotic stress conditions.
This study offers the first systematic analysis for superior reference gene selection in citrus under various conditions.