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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression

Published on: May 19, 2015

Perseverative thinking in depression and anxiety.

Sonja Sorg¹, Claus Vögele, Nadine Furka

¹Unité de Recherche INSIDE, University of Luxembourg Walferdange, Luxembourg.

Frontiers in Psychology

|February 21, 2012

Summary

Worry and brooding significantly impact depression and anxiety by moderating negative and positive affectivity, according to the tripartite model. Perseverative thinking influences these relationships, with worry specifically affecting the link between negative affectivity and anxiety.

Keywords:

anxiety brooding depression perseverative thinking rumination worry

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Clinical Psychology
Mental Health Research

Background:

The tripartite model of depression and anxiety (TMDA) posits negative affectivity (NA) as a predictor for both, and positive affectivity (PA) for depression.
Perseverative thinking, including worry and brooding, is implicated in mood disorders but its moderating role in the TMDA requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the moderating roles of worry and brooding within the tripartite model of depression and anxiety (TMDA).
To test the hypothesis that perseverative thinking influences the relationship between affectivity (NA and PA) and depression/anxiety symptoms.

Main Methods:

A questionnaire survey was administered to 537 students (aged 16-49 years).
Path analyses were employed to analyze the data and test the hypothesized moderating effects.

Main Results:

Path analyses supported the TMDA, with NA predicting both depression and anxiety, and PA predicting depression.
Perseverative thinking unexpectedly influenced the interplay between NA and PA.
Worry significantly moderated the NA-anxiety pathway, while other hypothesized moderation effects were marginal.

Conclusions:

The findings partially support the TMDA and highlight the significant moderating role of worry in the NA-anxiety relationship.
Perseverative thinking, particularly worry, plays a crucial role in understanding the development and maintenance of depression and anxiety.
Further research is needed to explore the nuances of worry and brooding and their distinct impacts within affective models of psychopathology.