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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they produce ions...
Cellular Injury I: Introduction01:00

Cellular Injury I: Introduction

Cellular injury occurs when a cell cannot maintain homeostasis or adapt to stressors such as hypoxia, toxins, or trauma. Depending on severity and duration, injury may be reversible, allowing recovery, or irreversible, leading to cell death.General Mechanisms of Cell InjuryAlthough causes vary, most cellular injuries arise from a few key mechanisms that disrupt essential functions and often amplify one another. Cell survival depends on the extent and balance of these disturbances.ATP depletion...
Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT01:30

Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT

Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and the...
Cellular Injury II: Classification01:21

Cellular Injury II: Classification

Cellular injury is any process that disrupts a cell’s ability to maintain homeostasis, leading to structural or functional changes. It is broadly classified based on etiology (cause) and mechanism of damage.Classification by EtiologyCellular injury may result from several causes. Hypoxic injury happens due to reduced oxygen delivery, most commonly from inadequate blood supply, such as arterial obstruction; for example, coronary artery thrombosis can cause myocardial infarction. Chemical injury...
Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy01:25

Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
Fundamental Principles of PET

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for the Quantitative Assessment of Acute Ionizing Radiation Induced Skin Toxicity Using a Mouse Model
06:21

Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for the Quantitative Assessment of Acute Ionizing Radiation Induced Skin Toxicity Using a Mouse Model

Published on: May 27, 2016

Imaging radiation-induced normal tissue injury.

Mike E Robbins1, Judy K Brunso-Bechtold, Ann M Peiffer

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA. mrobbins@wfubmc.edu

Radiation Research
|February 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Identifying individuals at risk for radiation-induced late effects and monitoring interventions are crucial. Advanced imaging techniques help assess functional and metabolic data in organs like the brain, lungs, and heart.

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Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration in Response to Ionizing Irradiation
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Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for the Quantitative Assessment of Acute Ionizing Radiation Induced Skin Toxicity Using a Mouse Model
06:21

Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for the Quantitative Assessment of Acute Ionizing Radiation Induced Skin Toxicity Using a Mouse Model

Published on: May 27, 2016

Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration in Response to Ionizing Irradiation
09:10

Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration in Response to Ionizing Irradiation

Published on: July 27, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Radiobiology
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Cancer therapy advancements have increased survival rates, but late radiation effects persist.
  • Identifying individuals susceptible to these late effects is a critical research area.
  • Pharmacological therapies show promise in preventing or ameliorating radiation-induced late effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of advanced imaging techniques in assessing radiation-induced late effects.
  • To highlight the potential of imaging in identifying at-risk individuals and monitoring interventions.
  • To discuss the shift towards functional and metabolic data in normal tissue radiobiology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission tomography (SPECT).
  • Review of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR spectroscopy.
  • Focus on generating pathophysiological and functional data in the central nervous system, lung, and heart.

Main Results:

  • Advanced imaging techniques provide quantitative functional, microstructural, and metabolic data.
  • These methods enable noninvasive and serial determination of tissue status.
  • PET, SPECT, and MR imaging offer insights into radiation injury in key organs.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced imaging is essential for identifying individuals at risk of radiation-induced late effects.
  • These techniques can monitor the efficacy of interventions aimed at preventing or ameliorating late effects.
  • The integration of imaging data advances normal tissue radiobiology and radiation oncology.