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Related Concept Videos

Aromatic Compounds: Overview01:25

Aromatic Compounds: Overview

In general, the term ‘aromatic’ indicates a pleasant smell or fragrance from fresh flowers, freshly prepared coffee, etc. In the early history of organic chemistry, many benzene derivatives were isolated from the pleasant odor oils of the plants. For example, vanillin was isolated from the oil of vanilla, methyl salicylate from the oil of wintergreen, and cinnamaldehyde from the oil of cinnamon. They all had a pleasant odor; hence the name aromatic was given.
In 1825, Faraday isolated benzene...
Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis01:14

Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis

Malonic ester synthesis is a method to obtain α substituted carboxylic acids from ꞵ-diesters such as diethyl malonate and alkyl halides.
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Addition–Elimination (SNAr)01:30

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Addition–Elimination (SNAr)

Nucleophilic substitution in aromatic compounds is feasible in substrates bearing strong electron-withdrawing substituents positioned ortho or para to the leaving group. The reaction proceeds via two steps: the addition of the nucleophile and the elimination of the leaving group.
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α-Hydroxy Ketones via Reductive Coupling of Esters: Acyloin Condensation Overview01:19

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The pinacol and McMurry reactions involve the reductive coupling of ketones or aldehydes. Similarly, the bimolecular reductive coupling of two ester molecules in the presence of sodium metal in an aprotic solvent yields an α-hydroxy ketone product. The α-hydroxy ketone is also called acyloin, so the reaction is referred to as ‘acyloin condensation.’
Esters to β-Ketoesters: Claisen Condensation Overview01:24

Esters to β-Ketoesters: Claisen Condensation Overview

Regular Claisen condensation is a base-promoted reaction involving identical esters with two α hydrogens, condensing to produce β-ketoesters. It is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction wherein one of the ester molecules, upon deprotonation by the base, forms a nucleophilic enolate ion, while the other molecule serves as an electrophile.
Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis01:12

Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis

Alcoholysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which an alcohol functions as a nucleophile. Acid halides react with alcohol to produce esters. The mechanism proceeds in three steps:

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Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile
06:52

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Published on: October 30, 2018

New aromatic esters from Galinsoga parviflora.

Nighat Afza1, Shazia Yasmeen, Sadia Ferheen

  • 1Pharmaceutical Research Centre, PCSIR Laboratories. Complex Karachi, Karachi, 75280, Pakistan. hocprc@yahoo.com

Journal of Asian Natural Products Research
|February 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Three new aromatic esters, Galinosoates A-C, were identified in the Galinsoga parviflora plant. Their chemical structures were determined using advanced spectroscopic methods, contributing to natural product chemistry knowledge.

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Area of Science:

  • Phytochemistry
  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Galinsoga parviflora is a plant species with potential medicinal properties.
  • Aromatic esters are a class of organic compounds found in various plants.
  • Isolation and characterization of novel compounds contribute to the understanding of plant secondary metabolites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and characterize new chemical compounds from Galinsoga parviflora.
  • To elucidate the structures of novel aromatic esters using spectroscopic techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Extraction of the n-hexane soluble fraction of Galinsoga parviflora.
  • Isolation of compounds using chromatographic techniques (implied).
  • Structure elucidation using Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, High-Resolution Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometry (HR-EI-MS), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1D and 2D).

Main Results:

  • Three new aromatic esters, designated Galinosoates A-C (compounds 1-3), were successfully isolated.
  • The chemical structures of Galinosoates A-C were determined based on comprehensive spectral data analysis.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully identified and characterized three novel aromatic esters from Galinsoga parviflora.
  • The findings expand the knowledge of the chemical constituents of Galinsoga parviflora and contribute to the field of natural product chemistry.