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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Phylum Proteobacteria01:26

Bacterial Phylum Proteobacteria

Proteobacteria, one of the largest and most diverse bacterial phyla, encompasses a wide range of Gram-negative bacteria distinguished by their outer membrane composed of lipopolysaccharides. These microorganisms exhibit various metabolic capabilities, including phototrophy, chemolithotrophy, and heterotrophy, and thrive in diverse environments from soil to aquatic systems and host-associated niches. The phylum is divided into six classes: Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria,...
Bacterial Phylum Bacteroidota01:26

Bacterial Phylum Bacteroidota

The phylum Bacteroidota includes over 700 species classified into four primary orders: Bacteroidales, Cytophagales, Flavobacteriales, and Sphingobacteriales. These gram-negative, non-sporulating rods exhibit saccharolytic capabilities and can be aerobic or fermentative, encompassing obligate aerobes, facultative aerobes, and obligate anaerobes. Many species display gliding motility, though some are nonmotile or use flagella. The genus Bacteroides is well-studied due to its significant role in...
Deep Sea Microbial Ecology01:18

Deep Sea Microbial Ecology

The deep ocean and its underlying sediments represent vast, largely unexplored microbial habitats that extend far beyond the sunlit photic zone. The photic (euphotic) zone typically spans the upper ~100–200 meters of pelagic waters in the open ocean, but its depth varies geographically and seasonally, where sufficient light supports photosynthetic life. Below this lies the deep sea, spanning roughly 1000–6000 meters (bathypelagic to abyssal zones), with deeper hadal trenches extending beyond...
Bacterial Phylum Actinobacteria01:30

Bacterial Phylum Actinobacteria

Coryneform bacteria are gram-positive, aerobic, nonmotile rods that exhibit irregular, club-shaped, or V-shaped arrangements. Their V-shape results from snapping division, where the inner cell wall layer forms the cross-wall, while the outer layer remains intact until it ruptures on one side, causing the daughter cells to bend away.The primary genera are Corynebacterium and Arthrobacter. Corynebacterium includes diverse species, ranging from saprophytes to pathogens like Corynebacterium...
Cytoskeletal Proteins in Bacteria01:29

Cytoskeletal Proteins in Bacteria

Bacterial cells were initially considered simple, randomly organized structures lacking a cytoskeleton. However, the discovery of cytoskeleton homologs in bacteria led to the change of this opinion. Bacterial cytoskeletal filaments regulate the cell shape, cell polarity, cell division, and partitioning of plasmids during cell division. It was later discovered that bacterial cytoskeletal proteins, mainly actin and tubulin homologs, are diverse compared to their eukaryotic counterparts. On the...
Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...

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Updated: May 24, 2026

Injections of Lipopolysaccharide into Mice to Mimic Entrance of Microbial-derived Products After Intestinal Barrier Breach
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IBD-what role do Proteobacteria play?

Indrani Mukhopadhya1, Richard Hansen, Emad M El-Omar

  • 1Gastrointestinal Research Group, Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.

Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology
|February 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The gastrointestinal microbiota, particularly the Proteobacteria phylum, is increasingly linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Specific bacteria like Escherichia coli may drive IBD pathogenesis by exploiting host defenses.

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Using the Open-Source MALDI TOF-MS IDBac Pipeline for Analysis of Microbial Protein and Specialized Metabolite Data

Published on: May 15, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The gastrointestinal microbiota's role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is gaining prominence.
  • Genetic factors in innate immunity and microbial dysbiosis are key drivers.
  • An expansion of the Proteobacteria phylum is consistently observed in IBD patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the association between Proteobacteria and IBD.
  • To examine the role of pattern recognition in innate immunity concerning Proteobacteria.
  • To postulate mechanisms by which Proteobacteria contribute to IBD development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on Proteobacteria and IBD.
  • Analysis of microbial diversity studies in IBD patients.
  • Examination of host-microbe interactions and immune responses.

Main Results:

  • Proteobacteria, including Escherichia coli, Campylobacter concisus, and enterohepatic Helicobacter, are associated with IBD pathogenesis.
  • Adherent-invasive properties of certain Proteobacteria are highlighted.
  • Dysbiosis, an alteration in gut microbiota, is linked to inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Proteobacteria may exploit host innate immune defenses.
  • These bacteria can promote pro-inflammatory changes and dysbiosis.
  • Proteobacteria are implicated in the development and progression of IBD.