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Related Concept Videos

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...

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Updated: May 24, 2026

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains
07:34

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains

Published on: August 23, 2019

Inner workings and regulatory inputs that control Polycomb repressive complex 2.

M Maggie O'Meara1, Jeffrey A Simon

  • 1Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.

Chromosoma
|February 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is a gene-silencing enzyme. Recent studies reveal how PRC2 senses and responds to chromatin modifications, enabling precise gene regulation and informing the design of new therapeutic inhibitors.

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

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In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing
10:44

In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing

Published on: May 5, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and chromatin biology
  • Molecular mechanisms of gene regulation

Background:

  • Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is crucial for transcriptional gene silencing via H3K27 methylation.
  • PRC2's core activity relies on EZH2, EED, and SUZ12 subunits.
  • Understanding PRC2 regulation is key to deciphering gene silencing pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding the core PRC2 machinery.
  • To explore mechanisms of PRC2 regulation by other histone modifications.
  • To provide insights for the development of PRC2 inhibitors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on PRC2 structure and function.
  • Analysis of studies investigating PRC2 interactions with histone modifications.
  • Discussion of emerging findings on PRC2 regulatory mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • PRC2 activity is modulated by EZH2 phosphorylation and an EED regulatory site that binds H3K27me.
  • Active chromatin marks like H3K4me, H3K36me, H3K27ac, and H3S28ph antagonize PRC2 function.
  • PRC2 acts as a cooperative machine sensing its chromatin environment.

Conclusions:

  • PRC2 is a sophisticated enzyme that integrates various signals for precise gene silencing.
  • New insights into PRC2's inner workings and regulatory crosstalk.
  • Advances may facilitate the design of targeted PRC2 inhibitors for therapeutic applications.