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Anchoring Junctions

Anchoring Junctions

Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...

Muscles for Facial Expressions

Muscles for Facial Expressions

The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role of...

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...

The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic

The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic

In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the $2,000...

Shear on the Horizontal Face of a Beam Element

Shear on the Horizontal Face of a Beam Element

To understand shear on the flat side of a prismatic beam element, consider the vertical and horizontal shearing forces, and the normal forces, acting on the element. The element's upper (U) and lower (L) sections, which are divided by the beam's neutral axis, are examined. The equilibrium of these forces is determined by applying the equilibrium equation, which helps identify the horizontal shearing force. This force is directly related to the bending moments and the cross-section's first...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

Published on: November 4, 2025

Triple-anchoring sub-SMAS face-lift.

Filipe Volpe Basile¹, Antonio Roberto Basile, Vinicius Volpe Basile

¹Plastic Surgery Department, Basile Medical Center, Av. Prof Joao Fiusa 2300, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, 14024-230, Brazil. fibasile@gmail.com

Aesthetic Plastic Surgery

|February 22, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This 10-year study of 626 rhytidectomy procedures demonstrates a sub-SMAS face-lift technique effectively repositions facial volumes. The triple-anchoring method offers predictable, reliable results with a low complication rate for facial contouring.

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Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

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Published on: March 1, 2015

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

Published on: November 4, 2025

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

Published on: March 1, 2015

Area of Science:

Plastic Surgery
Facial Anatomy
Surgical Techniques

Background:

Presents a 10-year experience with a novel rhytidectomy technique.
Incorporates sub-SMAS repositioning, elevation, and periosteal anchoring for facial shaping.
Focuses on repositioning volumetric units for improved facial contour.

Observation:

Retrospective analysis of 626 triple-anchoring sub-SMAS face-lifts (2000-2010).
Included primary and secondary cases, with data on patient demographics and operative time.
Complication rates were systematically calculated.

Findings:

The technique effectively repositions facial volumetric units (mala, lateral, cervical).
SMAS acts as a load-bearing layer, with tension transferred to periosteal anchor points.
Achieved satisfactory results with a low incidence of complications over 626 procedures.

Implications:

Demonstrates a predictable and reliable method for facial volume repositioning.
Highlights the importance of periosteal anchoring for stable SMAS elevation.
Offers a safe and effective approach to facial rejuvenation with modern contouring principles.