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Related Concept Videos

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Systems Analysis of the Neuroinflammatory and Hemodynamic Response to Traumatic Brain Injury
07:21

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Published on: May 27, 2022

A neurovascular perspective for long-term changes after brain trauma.

V Pop1, J Badaut

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA.

Translational Stroke Research
|February 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) impacts all ages, affecting the neurovascular unit (NVU) and blood-brain barrier (BBB). Targeting BBB changes after TBI may offer therapeutic benefits for long-term dysfunction.

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Systems Analysis of the Neuroinflammatory and Hemodynamic Response to Traumatic Brain Injury
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Investigations on Alterations of Hippocampal Circuit Function Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
10:59

Investigations on Alterations of Hippocampal Circuit Function Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: November 19, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Traumatic Brain Injury Research

Background:

  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant health concern affecting all age groups.
  • TBI presents as an acute event with complex neurobehavioral and neuropathological sequelae.
  • Understanding TBI's long-term effects is crucial for patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review early and long-term alterations following juvenile and adult TBI.
  • To focus on changes within the neurovascular unit (NVU), including blood-brain barrier (BBB) interactions.
  • To explore therapeutic targets for TBI-related dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical and experimental reports on TBI.
  • Analysis of post-traumatic changes in cerebral blood flow.
  • Examination of blood-brain barrier (BBB) structure and function alterations.

Main Results:

  • TBI induces significant alterations in the neurovascular unit (NVU).
  • Changes in cerebral blood flow and BBB integrity are observed post-TBI.
  • Mechanistic pathways linking TBI to brain aging and neurodegeneration are identified.

Conclusions:

  • The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a critical component affected by TBI.
  • Investigating BBB changes is essential for characterizing TBI outcomes.
  • Targeting the BBB presents a promising therapeutic strategy for TBI.