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Related Concept Videos

Integration of Synaptic Events01:28

Integration of Synaptic Events

Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...
Synaptic Signaling01:09

Synaptic Signaling

Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Most synapses are chemical, meaning an electrical impulse or action potential spurs the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron, and the neuron receiving the signal is the postsynaptic neuron.
The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential that...
Synaptic Signaling01:12

Synaptic Signaling

Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Introduction to Membrane Traffic01:44

Introduction to Membrane Traffic

The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
The transport of soluble and membrane proteins is mediated by transport vesicles that collect cargo from one cellular compartment and deliver it to another by fusing with the target organelle membrane. The Rab...
Introduction to Membrane Traffic01:44

Introduction to Membrane Traffic

The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
The transport of soluble and membrane proteins is mediated by transport vesicles that collect cargo from one cellular compartment and deliver it to another by fusing with the target organelle membrane. The Rab...
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Preparation of Synaptic Plasma Membrane and Postsynaptic Density Proteins Using a Discontinuous Sucrose Gradient
08:06

Preparation of Synaptic Plasma Membrane and Postsynaptic Density Proteins Using a Discontinuous Sucrose Gradient

Published on: September 3, 2014

Surface traffic in synaptic membranes.

Martin Heine1

  • 1Research Group Molecular Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany. Martin.Heine@ifn-magdeburg.de

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|February 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Synaptic plasticity relies on the dynamic movement of molecules within synapses. Understanding this molecular traffic, like AMPA receptors (AMPAR), is key to synaptic function.

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Vibrodissociation of Neurons from Rodent Brain Slices to Study Synaptic Transmission and Image Presynaptic Terminals
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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Preparation of Synaptic Plasma Membrane and Postsynaptic Density Proteins Using a Discontinuous Sucrose Gradient
08:06

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Brain Slice Biotinylation: An Ex Vivo Approach to Measure Region-specific Plasma Membrane Protein Trafficking in Adult Neurons
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Vibrodissociation of Neurons from Rodent Brain Slices to Study Synaptic Transmission and Image Presynaptic Terminals
08:38

Vibrodissociation of Neurons from Rodent Brain Slices to Study Synaptic Transmission and Image Presynaptic Terminals

Published on: May 25, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Synaptic transmission precision depends on pre- and postsynaptic structural alignment.
  • Molecular traffic within synapses is influenced by thermal agitation and protein interaction affinities.
  • Local protein surface dynamics offer insights into synaptic organization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of molecular traffic and surface dynamics in synaptic organization and plasticity.
  • To highlight the contribution of intracellular and extracellular structures in organizing plastic synapses.
  • To review AMPA receptors (AMPAR) as a model for understanding molecular mobility in synapses.

Main Methods:

  • Observation of local protein surface dynamics.
  • Analysis of molecular rearrangements via lateral diffusion.
  • Examination of passive and active interactions restricting lateral mobility.

Main Results:

  • Local rearrangements and lateral diffusion induce rapid changes in signaling molecule density.
  • These dynamics enable synapses to alter efficacy on short timescales.
  • Transsynaptic adhesion molecules also exhibit dynamic behavior, supporting surface traffic importance.

Conclusions:

  • Local surface traffic of signaling molecules is crucial for synaptic plasticity.
  • The mobility of molecules like AMPAR is a key factor in synapse function.
  • Dynamic molecular organization within synapses underpins their ability to adapt.