Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...

Factors Affecting Drug Biotransformation: Biological

Factors Affecting Drug Biotransformation: Biological

Biological factors significantly impact drug metabolism, influencing drug clearance, efficacy, and potential toxicity.
Species differences: Variations in enzyme systems across species can cause disparities in drug metabolism. For instance, humans may metabolize certain drugs faster than rodents, altering therapeutic effects.
Strain differences: Genetic variations within a species can result in differing enzyme activity, impacting drug response and toxicity. For example, some mouse strains may...

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview

Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism is crucial to the inter-individual variability observed in drug responses. Drug metabolism primarily involves the chemical modification of drugs and other xenobiotics to enhance their elimination by increasing their polarity. Two main classes of enzymes mediate this biotransformation process: Phase I enzymes, primarily cytochrome P450s, catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, while other enzymes, such as esterases, mediate hydrolysis, and Phase II...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

An improved method to estimate ultrasonic absorption in agar-based gel phantom using thermocouples and MR thermometry.

Ultrasonics·2020

Same author

Epileptic seizure frequency and semiology in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy after initiation of imepitoin or phenobarbital monotherapy.

Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)·2019

Same author

Phenobarbital administration every eight hours: improvement of seizure management in idiopathic epileptic dogs with decreased phenobarbital elimination half-life.

The Veterinary record·2017

Same author

Mutation and the Aging Process : Mutant Frequency at the HPRT Gene Locus as a Function of Age in Humans.

Methods in molecular medicine·2012

Same author

Modulation of hepatic cytochrome P450 activity and carcinogen bioactivation by black and decaffeinated black tea.

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology·2011

Same author

Dissimilar tcr v-Beta frequencies in til from different sites of the same tumor.

International journal of oncology·2011

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Mass Spectrometry and Luminogenic-based Approaches to Characterize Phase I Metabolic Competency of In Vitro Cell Cultures

Mass Spectrometry and Luminogenic-based Approaches to Characterize Phase I Metabolic Competency of In Vitro Cell Cultures

Published on: March 28, 2017

Xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme systems and aging.

C R Barnett¹, C Ioannides

¹School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Cromore, Road, Coleraine, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland.

Methods in Molecular Medicine

|February 22, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Human exposure to diverse chemicals, from diet and environment, is unavoidable. This study explores how drug-metabolizing enzymes help the body eliminate these substances, considering age-related effects.

More Related Videos

Assessing Lysosomal Alkalinization in the Intestine of Live Caenorhabditis elegans

Assessing Lysosomal Alkalinization in the Intestine of Live Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: April 13, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Mass Spectrometry and Luminogenic-based Approaches to Characterize Phase I Metabolic Competency of In Vitro Cell Cultures

Mass Spectrometry and Luminogenic-based Approaches to Characterize Phase I Metabolic Competency of In Vitro Cell Cultures

Published on: March 28, 2017

Assessing Lysosomal Alkalinization in the Intestine of Live Caenorhabditis elegans

Assessing Lysosomal Alkalinization in the Intestine of Live Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: April 13, 2018

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Toxicology
Pharmacology

Background:

The human body encounters numerous chemicals from voluntary intake (medications, food additives) and involuntary exposure (environmental contaminants).
Diet is a primary source of chemical exposure, with some dietary constituents linked to various toxicities, including cancer.
The body's primary response to unavoidable chemical exposure is elimination, mediated by specialized enzyme systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To discuss the role of drug-metabolizing enzyme systems in chemical detoxification.
To examine the influence of age on drug-metabolizing enzyme activity.
To highlight the importance of measuring drug-metabolizing activities in human drug safety evaluation.

Main Methods:

Investigation of drug-metabolizing enzyme systems.
Assessment of age-related effects on these systems.
Utilizing alkylphenoxazone derivatives to probe specific enzyme activities.

Main Results:

Drug-metabolizing enzymes are crucial for the body's detoxification processes.
Age significantly impacts the efficiency of drug metabolism.
Alkylphenoxazone derivatives serve as effective tools for assessing drug-metabolizing enzyme function.

Conclusions:

Drug-metabolizing enzymes play a vital role in managing chemical exposure throughout life.
Understanding age-dependent changes in metabolism is critical for drug safety.
The use of specific probes like alkylphenoxazone derivatives aids in evaluating drug metabolism and safety.