Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regression Toward the Mean01:52

Regression Toward the Mean

Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when researchers try to extrapolate results...
Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
Factors Affecting Illness01:18

Factors Affecting Illness

When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness, disability,...
Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV01:26

Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV

Stress often leads to unhealthy habits like smoking, excessive drinking, and overeating, which offer short-term relief but ultimately increase long-term health risks. These behaviors create a cycle that temporarily lowers stress levels but can result in severe long-term health consequences. Breaking these habits is essential to reduce the risk of chronic diseases and improve overall well-being. Three primary changes that support better health include quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Associations of Job Strain and Health: Differences Among Nurses and Personal Support Workers in Residential Care Homes During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Workplace health & safety·2026
Same author

Designing for mild winters: evidence-based thermal comfort benchmarks from urban parks in a sub-tropical city.

International journal of biometeorology·2026
Same author

Urban heat island adaptation and mitigation in practice: lessons from policy implementation in five cities.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2025
Same author

Staffing levels and expenses in Canadian long-term care facilities by ownership status before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Health reports·2025
Same author

Subcontracting, Employment Characteristics, and COVID-19 Infections Among Staff and Residents of Nursing Homes in Canada.

Journal of the American Medical Directors Association·2025
Same author

Comparative analysis of perinatal health outcomes among refugee subgroups and economic immigrants in Canada (2000-2017).

PloS one·2025
Same journal

Patient experiences with virtual health care in Canada: Modes of delivery and satisfaction with care.

Health reports·2026
Same journal

Canadian Active Living Environments 2.0: Development of an open-source pipeline for the replication and extension of the Canadian Active Living Environments measure.

Health reports·2026
Same journal

Enhancing the OncoSim-Breast model using Canadian breast density information.

Health reports·2026
Same journal

Geographic variation in female breast cancer incidence and mortality in Canada.

Health reports·2026
Same journal

Prevalence and correlates of self-reported fair or poor oral health in Canada.

Health reports·2026
Same journal

Validating the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale for the positive mental health surveillance of adults in Canada.

Health reports·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Videos

The healthy immigrant effect and mortality rates.

Edward Ng1

  • 1Health Analysis Division at Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0T6. edward.ng@statcan.gc.ca

Health Reports
|February 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Canadian immigrants generally have lower mortality rates, but this advantage decreases over time. However, this "healthy immigrant effect" was not observed for women or some men from the US and Sub-Saharan Africa in major Canadian cities.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Demography
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Canada has a significant foreign-born population, projected to increase by 2031.
  • Previous studies indicate a "healthy immigrant effect" (HIE) and a "duration effect" on mortality rates.
  • HIE suggests immigrants have lower mortality than the native-born population, while the duration effect indicates this advantage diminishes over time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the healthy immigrant effect and duration effect on mortality rates in Canada.
  • To investigate variations in these effects based on sex, country of origin, and geographic location within Canada.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) using data from the 1991-2001 Canadian census mortality follow-up study.
  • Stratification of data by sex, country/region of origin (including the United States and Sub-Saharan Africa), and Census Metropolitan Areas (Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver).

Main Results:

  • A national-level healthy immigrant effect and duration effect were observed for all-cause mortality in both sexes.
  • Nationally, women from the United States and Sub-Saharan Africa had mortality rates similar to Canadian-born women.
  • In major Census Metropolitan Areas (Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver), the HIE was not evident for women or most men from the US and Sub-Saharan Africa.

Conclusions:

  • While a national healthy immigrant effect exists, it is not uniform across all demographic groups or geographic locations.
  • Specific populations, such as women from the US and Sub-Saharan Africa, and immigrants in major urban centers, may not experience this mortality advantage.
  • Further research is needed to understand the factors influencing these observed disparities in immigrant health outcomes.