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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...
Liver Regeneration01:24

Liver Regeneration

The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are large...
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
Hepatic Portal System01:21

Hepatic Portal System

The hepatic portal system, a critical part of our circulatory framework, transports nutrient-laden, deoxygenated blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver. This ingenious system plays an indispensable role in maintaining our body's metabolic equilibrium.
At its core, the hepatic portal vein is the result of a confluence of the superior and inferior mesenteric veins along with the splenic vein. Each of these veins has a unique role. The superior mesenteric vein is responsible...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
12:24

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Published on: September 30, 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma.

Alejandro Forner1, Josep M Llovet, Jordi Bruix

  • 1Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Lancet (London, England)
|February 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance via ultrasonography aids early detection for potentially curative treatments like resection or transplantation. Advanced cases may benefit from chemoembolisation or molecular-targeted therapies, improving survival rates.

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An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis
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An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis

Published on: September 12, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
12:24

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Published on: September 30, 2021

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis
06:38

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis

Published on: September 12, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Oncology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer death globally.
  • Cirrhosis significantly increases the risk of developing HCC.
  • Early detection through regular screening is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current surveillance strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • To discuss various treatment modalities for HCC based on disease stage.
  • To highlight advancements in HCC management and ongoing research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current clinical guidelines for HCC surveillance.
  • Analysis of treatment outcomes for resection, liver transplantation, ablation, and chemoembolisation.
  • Evaluation of evidence for molecular-targeted therapies in advanced HCC.

Main Results:

  • Ultrasonography every six months is recommended for high-risk patients (cirrhosis).
  • Curative treatments (resection, transplantation, ablation) are most effective for early-stage tumors.
  • Chemoembolisation and sorafenib (molecular-targeted therapy) show survival benefits in advanced or chemoresistant HCC.

Conclusions:

  • Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma through surveillance improves curability and survival.
  • Treatment selection depends on tumor characteristics, liver function, and patient eligibility.
  • Ongoing research in pathogenesis and targeted therapies holds promise for future HCC management.