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Related Concept Videos

Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
Seizures ll: Types01:19

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
09:57

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Published on: September 20, 2024

Migrating focal seizures during infancy: a case report and pathologic study.

Lorena Fasulo1, Silvia Saucedo, Lidia Cáceres

  • 1Department of Neuropediatrics, Prof. Dr. A. Posadas Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina. lorena.fasulo@hiba.org.ar

Pediatric Neurology
|February 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Migrating focal seizures in infancy, a rare epilepsy syndrome, present with continuous seizures and developmental arrest. Potassium bromide showed efficacy but did not prevent severe impairment or death in one infant case.

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Frontal Disconnection for Treating Mild Malformation of Cortical Development with Oligodendroglial Hyperplasia in Epilepsy (MOGHE) in the Frontal Lobe
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Frontal Disconnection for Treating Mild Malformation of Cortical Development with Oligodendroglial Hyperplasia in Epilepsy (MOGHE) in the Frontal Lobe

Published on: August 16, 2024

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
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Published on: September 20, 2024

Frontal Disconnection for Treating Mild Malformation of Cortical Development with Oligodendroglial Hyperplasia in Epilepsy (MOGHE) in the Frontal Lobe
06:04

Frontal Disconnection for Treating Mild Malformation of Cortical Development with Oligodendroglial Hyperplasia in Epilepsy (MOGHE) in the Frontal Lobe

Published on: August 16, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Epileptology
  • Developmental Neuroscience

Background:

  • Migrating focal seizures in infancy is a rare epilepsy syndrome characterized by early onset (before 6 months), continuous seizures affecting multiple brain areas, and psychomotor development arrest.
  • This condition is often overlooked and presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Observation:

  • A case of a 45-day-old infant with migrating focal seizures is presented.
  • Seizures were refractory to standard antiepileptic drugs.
  • The infant developed severe neurological impairment, including axial hypotonia and lack of visual contact and head control.

Findings:

  • Potassium bromide treatment at 6 months led to near seizure freedom.
  • Despite seizure control, the infant experienced severe neurological deficits.
  • The infant died at 8 months of age.
  • Post-mortem examination revealed cortical malformations, polymicrogyria, focal cortical dysplasia, and hippocampal sclerosis.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the severe prognosis of migrating focal seizures in infancy, even with apparent seizure control.
  • It underscores the importance of early diagnosis and aggressive management strategies for this epilepsy syndrome.
  • The pathological findings suggest underlying cortical malformations contribute significantly to the severe neurological outcomes.