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Related Concept Videos

Lipid Catabolism01:25

Lipid Catabolism

Triglycerides serve as crucial long-term energy storage molecules in microorganisms, providing a dense source of metabolic energy. Their breakdown is mediated by lipases, which hydrolyze triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids. Each of these components follows distinct metabolic pathways, ultimately contributing to ATP synthesis and cellular energy homeostasis.Glycerol MetabolismGlycerol, released from triglyceride hydrolysis, is phosphorylated by glycerol kinase to form...
Lipid Absorption01:24

Lipid Absorption

Dietary triglycerides from chyme in the duodenum are mixed with bile salts produced by the liver to emulsify fats. As a result, large droplets are broken down into smaller ones, increasing the surface area for enzymatic action. Once emulsified, pancreatic lipases hydrolyze the triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides.
These breakdown products bind with bile salts and lecithin to form micelles, which quickly pass between microvilli to come in close contact with the apical...
Cotranslational Protein Translocation01:20

Cotranslational Protein Translocation

Translocation of proteins across membranes is an ancient process that occurs even in bacteria and archaebacteria. In fact, the components of the translocation machinery are still conserved between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Sec61 channel partners for cotranslational translocation
During cotranslational translocation, the Sec61 channel partners with the signal recognition particle (SRP), the signal recognition particle receptor (SR), and the ribosomes to transport the nascent polypeptide chain...
Insertion of Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER01:29

Insertion of Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER

The rough ER membrane synthesizes, assembles, and embeds transmembrane proteins in diverse topologies. These proteins function as transporters or channels and can remain in the ER membrane or are sent to the Golgi complex, lysosome, and cell membrane.
The multipass transmembrane proteins are the type IV integral membrane proteins with multiple topogenic sequences determining their spatial arrangement in the ER membrane. Nearly all multipass proteins lack a cleavable signal sequence and use...
Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters01:19

Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters

Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...

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Measuring the Rate of Lipolysis in Ex Vivo Murine Adipose Tissue and Primary Preadipocytes Differentiated In Vitro
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Published on: March 17, 2023

Multiple functions of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein.

M Mahmood Hussain1, Paul Rava, Meghan Walsh

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA. mhussain@downstate.edu.

Nutrition & Metabolism
|February 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) is crucial for lipid transfer and lipoprotein assembly. MTP inhibition shows potential clinical applications, impacting lipid metabolism and viral propagation.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) facilitates neutral lipid transfer between membranes.
  • MTP is essential for apolipoprotein B (apoB)-lipoprotein biosynthesis, as evidenced by abetalipoproteinemia.
  • MTP also influences CD1 glycolipid presentation and cholesterol ester biosynthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the identification, purification, and characterization of MTP.
  • To describe methods for measuring MTP lipid transfer activity.
  • To discuss MTP's tissue expression, function, and clinical potential.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of MTP research.
  • Description of lipid transfer activity assays.
  • Analysis of MTP's role in various biological processes.

Main Results:

  • MTP's established role in apoB-lipoprotein assembly.
  • MTP's involvement in CD1 protein and cholesterol ester biosynthesis.
  • MTP's contribution to hepatitis C virus propagation.

Conclusions:

  • MTP is a key player in lipid metabolism and lipoprotein assembly.
  • Understanding MTP function is vital for abetalipoproteinemia and other metabolic disorders.
  • MTP inhibition presents potential therapeutic avenues.