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Related Concept Videos

Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...
Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques01:08

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques

Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
Acid digestion with strong acids is commonly used to dissolve inorganic materials that are insoluble (do not dissolve) in water. This method can be useful for...
Fast Reactions01:27

Fast Reactions

Fast reactions occurring in times shorter than the time needed to mix reactants pose a unique challenge for investigation. In a liquid-phase continuous-flow system, reactants A and B are swiftly pushed into the mixing chamber, where mixing occurs within 1 ms. The reaction mixture then flows through an observation tube, and one measures light absorption to determine species concentrations at various points of the tube. This method is most appropriate when relatively large volumes of reactants...
Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation01:20

Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation

Cell separation was first achieved in 1964 by S. H. Seal, who separated large tumor cells from the smaller blood cells using filtration. Two years later, Pohl and Hawk performed experiments on how cells respond differently to a nonuniform electric field based on the cell type. Such observations were the inception of cell separation methods, which allow isolating a single cell type from a heterogeneous sample.
DNA Isolation01:24

DNA Isolation

DNA isolation protocols can be fast and straightforward or complex and time-consuming depending on the type and quality of DNA required for further processing. For example, plasmid DNA extraction is a bit more complicated than genomic DNA extraction because of the need for an appropriate lysis method to separate plasmid DNA from gDNA during isolation. However, for specific applications, such as long-range DNA sequencing that require a good yield of high- quality DNA samples, we need to follow...
Tissue Homogenization and Cell Lysis01:32

Tissue Homogenization and Cell Lysis

Tissue homogenization involves disintegrating tissue architecture and lysing cells, and is an early step in isolating and analyzing cellular components. The method used for homogenization depends on the sample type, the amount of sample available, the analyte to be obtained, and the sensitivity of the method. These methods are broadly classified as mechanical and non-mechanical methods.
Mechanical methods of tissue homogenization
These methods rely on applying external physical force to disrupt...

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Fizzy Extraction of Volatile Organic Compounds Combined with Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry
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Published on: July 14, 2017

Extraction and stirring integrated techniques: examples and recent advances.

Rafael Lucena1

  • 1Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Campus de Rabanales, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain. q62luror@uco.es

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
|February 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Integrated extraction and stirring techniques enhance analytical methods by improving analyte isolation and preconcentration. This review highlights stir-bar-sorptive extraction and novel microextraction methods for efficient sample treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • Extraction techniques are crucial for analyte isolation and preconcentration, enhancing selectivity and sensitivity in analytical methods.
  • Many extraction processes are diffusion-controlled, necessitating sample stirring to accelerate analyte transfer to the extractant phase.
  • Stirring can be achieved externally or by integrating extraction and stirring into a single device.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review integrated extraction and stirring techniques for improved sample treatment.
  • To focus on stir-bar-sorptive extraction and novel microextraction methods.
  • To report on the characteristics and trends of these integrated techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Review of stir-bar-sorptive extraction (SBSE) with emphasis on new coating developments.
  • Overview of novel integrated techniques in solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and liquid-phase microextraction (LPME).
  • Analysis of characteristics and trends in integrated microextraction methods.

Main Results:

  • Stir-bar-sorptive extraction is a widely adopted integrated technique.
  • Novel integrated solid-phase and liquid-phase microextraction methods show promise for sample treatment.
  • Developments in coatings for SBSE are continuously enhancing its performance.

Conclusions:

  • Integrated extraction and stirring techniques offer efficient and promising approaches for sample preparation.
  • The review provides insights into the advancements and future directions of these analytical methodologies.
  • Further development in coatings and integrated systems will continue to improve analytical method performance.