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Suppressing cascades of load in interdependent networks
Charles D Brummitt1, Raissa M D'Souza, E A Leicht
1Department of Mathematics, Complexity Sciences Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. cbrummitt@math.ucdavis.edu
Summary
Interconnecting systems can reduce large cascades, but too much connectivity is detrimental. Finding the optimal balance is key for infrastructure resilience.
Area of Science:
- Complex Systems Science
- Network Science
- Infrastructure Engineering
Background:
- Interdependence among systems is crucial in science and engineering.
- Cascading failures, like load shedding in power grids, highlight risks in interconnected systems.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of interconnectivity on cascading behaviors in coupled systems.
- To determine the optimal level of interconnectivity for mitigating large cascades.
Main Methods:
- Studied the Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld sandpile model on modular random graphs and real power grid networks.
- Employed multitype branching processes and simulations to analyze cascading effects.
- Investigated the influence of asymmetric capacity between networks.
Main Results:
- Moderate interconnectivity suppresses the largest cascades by providing beneficial pathways.
- Excessive interconnectivity increases cascade risk by enabling wider propagation and higher load capacity.
- Asymmetric capacities lead to differing optimal connectivity levels and potential capacity "arms races".
Conclusions:
- An optimal interconnectivity level exists that balances the benefits and risks of system coupling.
- This framework aids in predicting cascading processes on various network types.
- Findings are applicable to optimizing power grid resilience and other interdependent infrastructures.
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