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Related Concept Videos

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are co-secreted in...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
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In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

In situ Quantification of Pancreatic Beta-cell Mass in Mice
09:50

In situ Quantification of Pancreatic Beta-cell Mass in Mice

Published on: June 7, 2010

Chemerin regulates β-cell function in mice.

Michiko Takahashi1, Yasuhiko Okimura, Genzo Iguchi

  • 1Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan. takahash@med.kobe-u.ac.jp

Scientific Reports
|February 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chemerin deficiency causes glucose intolerance by impairing insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. Chemerin is crucial for maintaining beta cell function and glucose homeostasis.

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

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Published on: June 7, 2010

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Published on: January 26, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Metabolism
  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The physiological role of chemerin is not fully understood.
  • Chemerin's involvement in metabolic regulation requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of chemerin in glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion.
  • To determine the mechanism by which chemerin influences beta cell function.

Main Methods:

  • Generation and analysis of chemerin-deficient and transgenic mice.
  • Assessment of glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, and hepatic glucose production.
  • Studies on isolated islets and a chemerin-ablated beta cell line.

Main Results:

  • Chemerin-deficient mice exhibit glucose intolerance, increased hepatic glucose production, and impaired insulin secretion.
  • Chemerin deficiency reduces glucose-dependent insulin secretion (GSIS) in isolated islets.
  • Chemerin transgenic mice show enhanced GSIS and improved glucose tolerance.
  • Chemerin regulates beta cell function by maintaining MafA expression, a key transcription factor.

Conclusions:

  • Chemerin plays a critical role in regulating beta cell function and glucose homeostasis.
  • Chemerin's mechanism involves maintaining MafA expression, thereby influencing insulin secretion.
  • These findings highlight chemerin's importance in metabolic health in a tissue-specific manner.