Shivering. A clinical nursing problem

Shivering is a common but complex phenomenon that occurs in many patient care situations. Its metabolic costs and cardiorespiratory consequences should not be underestimated, particularly for the seriously ill, debilitated, or elderly patient. Using a conceptual frame of reference for assessment and action, independent and collaborative actions can be planned to reduce the energy expenditure, distress, and loss of control imposed by severe shivering.