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Related Concept Videos

Jaundice01:25

Jaundice

Jaundice, or icterus, is the yellow discoloration of the skin, sclerae, and mucous membranes. It happens when plasma bilirubin levels rise above 2.5-3 mg/dL, leading to bilirubin deposition in tissue.Bilirubin is a byproduct of hemoglobin degradation. In macrophages, hemoglobin breaks down into globin and heme. Globin is converted into amino acids, while heme is turned into biliverdin by heme oxygenase, which is then reduced to unconjugated bilirubin by biliverdin reductase.Unconjugated...
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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
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Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
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Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a protein metabolism disorder characterized by high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. This results from a mutation in the gene responsible for phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this enzyme is deficient, phenylalanine builds up in the blood, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, rashes, seizures, growth deficiency, and severe mental retardation. An early diagnosis and a diet restricting phenylalanine intake...
Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
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Isolation of Neonatal Extrahepatic Cholangiocytes
07:54

Isolation of Neonatal Extrahepatic Cholangiocytes

Published on: June 5, 2014

Neonatal hepatobiliar disease.

Hercília Guimarães1, Gustavo Rocha, Susana Pissarra

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, São João Hospital, Porto University, Porto, Portugal.

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians
|February 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neonatal liver disease is a rare but serious condition. This review discusses its causes in newborns based on prior study experiences.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Hepatology
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • Neonatal liver disease presents a significant challenge in pediatric healthcare.
  • It is a critical factor contributing to morbidity and mortality in newborns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss the various causes of liver and bile duct diseases in neonates.
  • To provide insights based on the authors' extensive clinical experience.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on neonatal liver and bile duct pathologies.
  • Analysis of clinical data and case experiences from a previous study.

Main Results:

  • Identification and categorization of common and rare causes of neonatal liver disease.
  • Discussion of diagnostic approaches and potential management strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the diverse etiologies of neonatal liver disease is crucial for timely diagnosis and intervention.
  • Clinical experience significantly aids in elucidating the complexities of these conditions.