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Gastrulation

Gastrulation

Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata will form...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Chicken Embryo Spinal Cord Slice Culture Protocol

Chicken Embryo Spinal Cord Slice Culture Protocol

Published on: March 25, 2013

Anin vitro model for chick embryonic notochords.

E Ghanem¹, L Messiaen, L De Ridder

¹Dept. Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, section Histology, University Gent, Louis Pasteurlaan 2, B-9000, Gent, Belgium.

|February 24, 2012

Summary

This study presents a new in vitro method for isolating chick embryonic notochords, preserving their structure and showing proliferative activity. This technique aids in studying notochord regression mechanisms.

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Published on: August 25, 2018

Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Cell Biology
Tissue Engineering

Background:

The notochord is a crucial transient embryonic structure.
Understanding notochord regression mechanisms requires suitable experimental models.
Existing in vitro methods may not fully preserve notochordal integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a robust in vitro method for isolating mesenchymal-free chick embryonic notochords.
To assess the viability and morphological stability of notochords maintained in vitro.
To provide a tool for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying notochord regression.

Main Methods:

Isolation of 3.5-day-old chick embryonic notochords via mechanical microdissection.
Trypsinization to remove mesenchymal cells while preserving the perinotochordal sheath (PNS).
In vitro explantation, incubation at 37°C, morphological analysis, and DNA content measurement.

Main Results:

The developed method successfully yields mesenchymal-free notochords.
Isolated notochords maintain their characteristic architecture in vitro.
DNA content analysis indicates sustained proliferative activity and high viability in the in vitro system.

Conclusions:

The presented two-step isolation and in vitro culture method is effective for studying chick embryonic notochords.
This model system allows for the investigation of notochord metabolic activities and regression.
The findings contribute to understanding the comparative in vitro and in vivo behavior of embryonic notochords.