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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the 20th century...
Cellular Injury IlI: Cellular Death01:11

Cellular Injury IlI: Cellular Death

Cell death is the irreversible loss of cellular structure and function, representing the final stage of severe injury. It plays a key role in both normal physiology and disease.Types of Cell DeathThe two main types are necrosis and apoptosis, though others like necroptosis and pyroptosis also exist.Necrosis:Necrosis is an unregulated form of cell death caused by severe injury such as trauma, toxins, or ischemia. It is characterized by cell swelling, membrane loss, rupture, and leakage of...
Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become anucleated and die, but their...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Modified Annexin V/Propidium Iodide Apoptosis Assay For Accurate Assessment of Cell Death
07:34

Modified Annexin V/Propidium Iodide Apoptosis Assay For Accurate Assessment of Cell Death

Published on: April 24, 2011

DNA and cell death.

D Monti1, L Troiano, F Tropea

  • 1Institutes of General Pathology, Modena, Italy.

Cytotechnology
|February 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Poly (ADP-ribosyl) polymerase (ADPRP) and sulphated glycoprotein 2 (SGP-2) are involved in programmed cell death (apoptosis). Their specific roles in apoptosis vary by cell type and inducing damage, with no direct correlation to DNA damage extent.

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Modified Annexin V/Propidium Iodide Apoptosis Assay For Accurate Assessment of Cell Death
07:34

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LPS and ATP-induced Death of PMA-differentiated THP-1 Macrophages and its Validation

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Programmed cell death, or apoptosis, is a critical biological process.
  • Poly (ADP-ribosyl) polymerase (ADPRP) and sulphated glycoprotein 2 (SGP-2) are proteins implicated in cellular regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the roles of ADPRP and SGP-2 in apoptosis across different model systems.
  • To determine the relationship between DNA damage and cell death pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Studied rat thymocytes treated with dexamethasone (in vitro and in vivo).
  • Examined human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) exposed to oxygen free radicals (OR).
  • Analyzed K562 cell line cytotoxicity mediated by natural killer (NK) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells.

Main Results:

  • ADPRP and SGP-2 appear to play roles in the apoptotic process.
  • The functions of ADPRP and SGP-2 in apoptosis are likely dependent on the specific cell type and the nature of the damage or stimulus.
  • No straightforward correlation was found between the degree of DNA damage and the extent of cell survival or death.

Conclusions:

  • ADPRP and SGP-2 are involved in apoptosis, but their precise roles are context-dependent.
  • The relationship between DNA damage and cell fate in apoptosis is complex and not linear.