The metabolic syndrome among patients with cardiovascular disease in Accra, Ghana
1Department of Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, and Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, PO Box KB 77, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana. janduah@yahoo.com
Insights
Metabolic Syndrome is common in Ghanaian cardiovascular disease patients, increasing their risk. Early screening and intervention for Metabolic Syndrome components are crucial for preventing cardiovascular disease in adults.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Metabolic Disorders
- Public Health
Background:
- Metabolic Syndrome is linked to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
- CVD, once rare in Africa, is now a significant public health issue.
- Understanding Metabolic Syndrome prevalence in CVD patients in Ghana is vital.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the frequency of Metabolic Syndrome in Ghanaian patients with CVD.
- To assess the association between Metabolic Syndrome and CVD in this population.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 100 CVD patients and 100 controls at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana.
- Interviews, physical examinations, anthropometric measurements, and fasting blood samples were collected.
- Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome used National Cholesterol Education Programme: Adult Treatment Panel III criteria.
Main Results:
- Metabolic Syndrome prevalence was 54% in CVD patients versus 18% in controls.
- Hypertension and central obesity were the most frequent components.
- Metabolic Syndrome significantly increased CVD risk (OR=5.35), with risk escalating with more components.
Conclusions:
- Metabolic Syndrome is highly prevalent among Ghanaian CVD patients.
- A strong association exists between Metabolic Syndrome components and CVD development.
- Routine screening and interventions for Metabolic Syndrome are recommended for Ghanaian adults.
Background:
There is evidence linking the Metabolic Syndrome with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, previously thought to be rare in Africa but now a major public health concern.
Objectives:
To determine the frequency of occurrence of the Metabolic Syndrome among patients presenting with cardiovascular disease at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana.
Methods:
This was a case-control study of 100 consecutive cardiovascular disease patients and 100 age- and sex- matched controls who underwent an interview and physical examination. Anthropometric measurements and fasting blood samples for plasma glucose and lipids were taken. The National Cholesterol Education Programme: Adult Treatment Panel III criteria were used for the diagnosis of the Metabolic Syndrome.
Results:
The prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among cases and controls was 54% and 18% respectively, with the prevalence increasing with advancing age. Hypertension and central obesity were the two components with the highest frequency among individuals with Metabolic Syndrome. The Metabolic Syndrome was associated with the development of cardiovascular disease (OR=5.35, 95% CI: 2.81-10.18, p=0.0001), with the odds ratio increasing with the number of components present.
Conclusion:
The Metabolic Syndrome is prevalent among cardiovascular disease patients attending the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, with a significant association between the number of components of the Metabolic Syndrome present and the probability of developing a cardiovascular disease. A policy to institute routine screening in clinical practice and provision of appropriate interventions for Metabolic Syndrome components among Ghanaian adults is needed.
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