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Related Concept Videos

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations01:13

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay
06:08

Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay

Published on: September 22, 2023

[Rhinitis in adults].

Livije Kalogjera1

  • 1University Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia. kalogjera@sfzg.hr

Acta Medica Croatica : Casopis Hravatske Akademije Medicinskih Znanosti
|February 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Rhinitis, an inflammation of the nasal lining, presents with various symptoms like nasal obstruction, runny nose, sneezing, or itch. Differentiating causes like viral infections, allergies, or irritants is key for effective rhinitis treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology: Focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting the ear, nose, and throat, including rhinitis.
  • Allergy and Immunology: Investigates the immune system's role in allergic reactions, such as those causing allergic rhinitis.
  • Pulmonology: Addresses respiratory conditions, with rhinitis often impacting the upper airways and potentially exacerbating lower airway diseases.

Context:

  • Rhinitis, characterized by nasal mucosa inflammation, is a prevalent condition with diverse symptoms including nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and itching.
  • Common etiologies include viral infections and allergic responses to airborne allergens, with irritant exposure also triggering similar symptoms.
  • Distinguishing between viral, allergic, non-allergic non-infectious rhinitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis is crucial for appropriate management, especially in persistent cases.

Purpose:

  • To elucidate the differential diagnosis of rhinitis, emphasizing the distinction between infectious, allergic, and non-allergic causes.

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Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber
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Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber

Published on: March 3, 2023

  • To detail the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis, including the role of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and common allergens.
  • To outline current treatment strategies for rhinitis, encompassing allergen avoidance, medical therapies, and immunotherapy.

    • Summary:

    • Allergic rhinitis results from IgE-mediated reactions to allergens like pollens, dust mites, molds, and animal dander, leading to seasonal or perennial symptoms.
    • Diagnosis involves clinical assessment, skin prick tests, and serum IgE antibody measurement.
    • Treatment modalities include allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy (antihistamines, nasal steroids, decongestants), and immunotherapy (allergy vaccines/tablets).

    Impact:

    • Provides a comprehensive overview to aid clinicians in accurately diagnosing and managing various forms of rhinitis.
    • Highlights the importance of differentiating rhinitis subtypes for targeted and effective therapeutic interventions.
    • Informs patients about the causes, diagnosis, and treatment options for rhinitis, empowering them in managing their condition.