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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.

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Strategies for Assessing Autistic-Like Behaviors in Mice
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Migration and autism spectrum disorder: population-based study.

Cecilia Magnusson1, Dheeraj Rai, Anna Goodman

  • 1Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Norrbacka, Stockholm, Sweden. cecilia.magnusson@ki.se

The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science
|February 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Parental migration is linked to increased risk of low-functioning autism, particularly when migration occurs around pregnancy. High-functioning autism risk decreased in children of migrant parents, suggesting different autism etiologies.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • Public health research
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Limited and inconsistent evidence suggests migration may be a risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
  • Understanding the nuances of parental migration status and its association with ASD is crucial for public health initiatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between parental migration and the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
  • To explore how region of origin and timing of migration influence ASD risk.
  • To examine potential differences in associations between autism subtypes and parental migration.

Main Methods:

  • A record-linkage study was conducted on the entire child population of Stockholm County from 2001 to 2007.
  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was identified through health and habilitation service registers.
  • High-functioning autism and low-functioning autism were defined based on the presence or absence of comorbid intellectual disability.

Main Results:

  • A total of 4952 individuals with ASD were identified, including 2855 with high-functioning autism and 2097 with low-functioning autism.
  • Children of migrant parents had an increased risk of low-functioning autism (OR=1.5), with the highest risk observed when parents migrated from low human development index regions around pregnancy (OR=2.3).
  • A decreased risk of high-functioning autism was noted in children of migrant parents, irrespective of origin or migration timing. Parental factors did not fully explain these associations.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental factors related to migration, particularly prenatal exposure, may contribute to autism with comorbid intellectual disability.
  • High-functioning and low-functioning autism appear to have distinct etiologies, warranting separate investigation.
  • Further research into migration-related environmental factors is needed to understand autism development.