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Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

Overview
Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Generating De Novo Antigen-specific Human T Cell Receptors by Retroviral Transduction of Centric Hemichain
08:48

Generating De Novo Antigen-specific Human T Cell Receptors by Retroviral Transduction of Centric Hemichain

Published on: October 25, 2016

T-cell-receptor-like antibodies - generation, function and applications.

Rony Dahan1, Yoram Reiter

  • 1Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.

Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine
|February 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary

T-cell receptors (TCRs) recognize specific MHC-peptide complexes on diseased cells. TCR-like antibodies are engineered to target these complexes, offering new cancer and viral immunotherapies and diagnostics.

More Related Videos

Retroviral Transduction of Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells to Generate T-cell Receptor Retrogenic Mice
09:08

Retroviral Transduction of Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells to Generate T-cell Receptor Retrogenic Mice

Published on: July 11, 2016

Streamlined Single Cell TCR Isolation and Generation of Retroviral Vectors for In Vitro and In Vivo Expression of Human TCRs
11:21

Streamlined Single Cell TCR Isolation and Generation of Retroviral Vectors for In Vitro and In Vivo Expression of Human TCRs

Published on: September 10, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Generating De Novo Antigen-specific Human T Cell Receptors by Retroviral Transduction of Centric Hemichain
08:48

Generating De Novo Antigen-specific Human T Cell Receptors by Retroviral Transduction of Centric Hemichain

Published on: October 25, 2016

Retroviral Transduction of Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells to Generate T-cell Receptor Retrogenic Mice
09:08

Retroviral Transduction of Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells to Generate T-cell Receptor Retrogenic Mice

Published on: July 11, 2016

Streamlined Single Cell TCR Isolation and Generation of Retroviral Vectors for In Vitro and In Vivo Expression of Human TCRs
11:21

Streamlined Single Cell TCR Isolation and Generation of Retroviral Vectors for In Vitro and In Vivo Expression of Human TCRs

Published on: September 10, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Virology

Background:

  • CD8+ cytotoxic T cells identify and eliminate tumor and virus-infected cells.
  • T-cell receptor (TCR) activation requires recognition of specific peptide antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules.
  • Malignant or virally infected cells present tumor-associated antigens or viral proteins on MHC class I molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel immunotherapeutic agents targeting tumor and virus-infected cells.
  • To engineer high-affinity antibodies with TCR-like specificity for MHC-peptide complexes.
  • To explore TCR-like antibodies as diagnostic reagents and research tools.

Main Methods:

  • Engineering soluble antibody molecules with TCR-like specificity.
  • Leveraging the fine specificity of TCRs for MHC-peptide complexes.
  • Developing TCR-like antibodies for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.

Main Results:

  • TCR-like antibodies exhibit high affinity for specific MHC-peptide complexes.
  • These antibodies can target and mediate the killing of tumor and virus-infected cells.
  • TCR-like antibodies show potential as diagnostic reagents and research tools.

Conclusions:

  • TCR-like antibodies represent a promising new class of immunotherapeutics.
  • These antibodies offer targeted approaches for cancer and infectious diseases.
  • TCR-like antibodies enhance understanding of MHC class I antigen presentation.